- The role of calcium ions (Ca2+) in synaptic transmission is toSelect one:a. increase the activity of the sodium-potassium pumps in the presynaptic cell.b. bind neurotransmitter molecules to the postsynaptic membrane.c. repolarize the postsynaptic cell after transmission has been completed.d. mediate the release of neurotransmitter molecules from the presynaptic neuron.
- The corpus callosumSelect one:a. separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes.b. is the area of the cortex in which information about touch, pain, temperature, and limb position is processed.c. permits communication between the two cerebral hemispheres.d. is a fluid-filled chamber that cushions and supports the brain.
- A patient has great difficulty in maintaining his posture, walking, and coordinating his movements. His brain injuries probably involve theSelect one:a. third ventricle.b. superior colliculus.c. corpus callosum.d. cerebellum.
- In the nervous system, these cells provide structural support and insulation for neurons.Select one:a. gliab. mitochondriac. Purkinje cellsd. dendrites
- The resting potential of a neuron is typically +40 to +90 millivolts (mV).Select one:TrueFalse
- Based on what you have learned about laterality, which of the following statements is most accurate?Select one:a. People utilize the right hemisphere for visual spatial tasks.b. People utilize the left hemisphere for language.c. Both hemispheres play a role in most tasks in all people, working in concert with each other.d. The hemispheres are functionally identical.
- Which of the following is NOT true of the Wada test?Select one:a. It entails the injection of amobarbital.b. It can be used to determine which hemisphere is language dominant.c. It determines the extent to which the corpus callosum has been resected.d. It is used before elective surgery for the treatment of epilepsy.
- Communication between the two hemispheres of the brain occurs mainly through theSelect one:a. limbic system.b. cingulate gyrus.c. basal ganglia.d. corpus callosum.
- The frontal lobe is ________ to the occipital lobe, whereas the temporal lobe is ________ to the parietal lobe.Select one:a. posterior ; superiorb. anterior ; inferiorc. inferior ; rostrald. superior ; caudal
- The nodes of Ranvier areSelect one:a. points along axons that are not surrounded by myelin.b. points along axons where sodium-potassium pumps are found.c. vesicles of neurotransmitters, stored in presynaptic neurons.d. vesicles of calcium ions, stored in postsynaptic neurons.
- The main mass of fibers that carries signals from the cortex in one cerebral hemisphere to the other is called theSelect one:a. anterior commissure.b. corpus callosum.c. arcuate fasciculus.d. planum temporale.
- The effect of a particular neurotransmitter on postsynaptic neuronsSelect one:a. may be modulated by the presence or absence of another neurotransmitter.b. is always either excitatory or inhibitory.c. Both a and d are true.d. depends on the properties of the postsynaptic neuron.
- Action potentials are electrical signals that are conducted down the axon of a neuron.Select one:TrueFalse
- Which of the following sequences of steps best represents the order of events that occur during synaptic transmission?Select one:a. binding of neurotransmitter at the postsynaptic membrane -> diffusion of neurotransmitter across the synapse -> release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic cellb. release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic cell -> binding of neurotransmitter at the postsynaptic membrane -> diffusion of neurotransmitter across the synapsec. diffusion of neurotransmitter across the synapse -> binding of neurotransmitter at the postsynaptic membrane -> release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic celld. release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic cell -> diffusion of neurotransmitter across the synapse -> binding of neurotransmitter at the postsynaptic membrane
- The two main classes of cell in the nervous system areSelect one:a. neurons and glial cells.b. dendrites and axons.c. axons and neurons.d. glial cells and dendrites.
- The term concentration gradient refers to a difference in theSelect one:a. permeability of the membrane to one kind of ion compared to another.b. number of ions found on opposite sides of the cell membrane.c. permeability of the membrane at rest compared to during an action potential.d. number of two different ion types within the neuron.
- In myelinated axons, action potentials are generatedSelect one:a. only at the axon hillocks and axon terminals.b. underneath the myelinated portions of the axons only.c. at the nodes of Ranvier only.d. along the entire length of the axons.
- The most caudal lobe of the cerebral cortex is the ________ lobe.Select one:a. parietalb. frontalc. temporald. occipital
- Gray matter is to white matter as ________ are to ________.Select one:a. cell bodies ; axon tractsb. oligodendrocytes ; Schwann cellsc. glial cells ; neuronsd. gyri ; sulci
- Which of the following functions is NOT mediated primarily by the hypothalamus?Select one:a. hormone controlb. endocrine system regulationc. relay of sensory information from the body to the cortexd. maintenance of homeostatic states in the body