- Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)Select one:a. is like a conventional X-ray but allows the reconstruction of three-dimensional space from compressed two-dimensional images.b. is an imaging method used to evaluate the circulatory system in the brain.c. involves inserting electrodes into the brain that produce continuous signals to trigger neural activity.d. is performed with an MRI scanner but measures the density and motion of water contained in axons.
- Brain asymmetries are restricted to the cerebral cortex and are not found in subcortical structures.Select one:TrueFalse
- If the sum of the excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) causes a postsynaptic neuron to reach its threshold, then the postsynaptic neuron will generate an action potential.Select one:TrueFalse
- Which of the following people would be most likely to receive the split-brain procedure?Select one:a. a person with amnesiab. a person with schizophreniac. a person with aphasiad. a person with epilepsy
- Parts of the brain where metabolic activity is relatively high are characterized bySelect one:a. increased cerebrospinal fluid production.b. a high degree of myelination.c. elevated regional blood flow.d. greater concentrations of calcium ions.
- One limitation of what we can learn through the single-cell recording technique is thatSelect one:a. it is often difficult to determine the baseline activity level of a single neuron.b. patterns of activity among groups of neurons may describe the function of a brain area better.c. the receptive field of a single neuron changes as the brain develops.d. single-cell recording is effective only in exploring the primary sensory cortex.
- The technique known as ________ can be used to induce virtual lesions in humans.Select one:a. EEG (electroencephalography)b. TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation)c. MEG (magnetoencephalography)d. PET (positron emission tomography)
- When participants in a dichotic listening task with word stimuli are asked afterward to report as many items as possible, they consistently produce the words that were presented to the right ear much more frequently than the words that were presented to the left ear. This phenomenon is calledSelect one:a. binaural integration.b. the word superiority effect.c. the right-ear advantage.d. the frequency hypothesis.
- The most important function of myelin in the nervous system is toSelect one:a. trigger the release of neurotransmitters from axon terminals.b. facilitate conduction of action potentials in axons.c. form the blood-brain barrier.d. produce cerebrospinal fluid in the cerebral ventricles.
- When presented with lateralized local-global stimuli to control, participants generallySelect one:a. identify local targets more quickly by the right hemisphere than the left hemisphere.b. identify global targets more quickly by the right hemisphere than the left hemisphere.c. identify local targets more quickly when a stimulus was presented in the left visual field rather than the right visual field.d. identify both global and local targets more quickly when stimuli were presented in the right visual field rather than the left visual field.
- The particular region of space in which a stimulus must be presented to evoke a response from a given neuron is itsSelect one:a. topographic map.b. sensory homunculus.c. receptive field.d. baseline space.
- The right hemisphere is more important than the left for both the perception and production of facial expressions.Select one:TrueFalse
- Split-brain patients have a lack of consciousness about their deficits.Select one:TrueFalse
- If a split-brain patient with the typical pattern of language dominance is shown an object briefly in her left visual field, she will be able to indicate what she saw successfully if she is asked toSelect one:a. speak its name.b. point to the object using her left hand.c. point to the object using her right hand.d. verbally describe, rather than name, the object.
- Assessment of the visual processing carried out by each hemisphere in split-brain patients usually involves the brief simultaneous presentation of different stimuli to each visual field while the participant fixates on a central point in space. Why is it necessary to ensure that stimulus presentation is brief?Select one:a. If the stimuli were presented over longer intervals, information would be transferred between the hemispheres through the corpus callosum.b. Brief presentation prevents participants from focusing attention on the stimuli.c. The short presentation time is necessary to prevent eye movements, which would redirect information across the visual fields.d. Increasing the presentation time increases task difficulty for split-brain patients.
- Lesions of the right hemisphere disrupt perception of ________ in visual stimuli and ________ in speech.Select one:a. global structure ; prosodyb. global structure ; formantsc. local structure ; prosodyd. local structure ; formants
- Which of the following statements best describes the correlation between handedness and hemisphere dominance for language function in humans?Select one:a. The correlation is strong, such that for language almost all right-handers have left-hemisphere dominance and almost all left-handers have right-hemisphere dominance.b. The correlation is strong only for right-handers, who almost all have left-hemisphere dominance for language, whereas left-handers do not generally have a particular language-dominant hemisphere.c. The correlation is strong only for left-handers, who almost all have right-hemisphere dominance for language, whereas right-handers do not generally have a particular language-dominant hemisphere.d. The correlation is weak, such that almost all right-handers and at least half of left-handers exhibit left-hemisphere language dominance, regardless of handedness.
- The difference between gray matter and white matter is that gray matter refers to ________, whereas white matter refers to ________.Select one:a. cell bodies ; axons and glial cellsb. axons and glial cells ; cell bodiesc. protruding rounded surfaces ; fissures and invaginationsd. fissures and invaginations ; protruding rounded surfaces
- Drawings of hierarchical figures by people with left-hemisphere lesions are likely to focus on local elements while missing global structure.Select one:TrueFalse
- Why is it that a split-brain patient might not notice that anything is wrong?Select one:a. The left hemisphere interpreter does not know that information from the right hemisphere is missingb. The right hemisphere interpreter does not know that information from the right hemisphere is missing.c. The left hemisphere does not have consciousness.d. The right hemisphere does not have consciousness.