Chromosomes determine all inherited traits because they are made up of __________.Choose the correct answer.a. ATPb. DNAc. Centromeresd. PhospholipidsIf nondisjunction occurs, __________.Choose the correct answer.a. mitosis cannot take placeb. no gametes will be producedc. there will be too many gametes producedd. a gamete will receive too many or too few copies of a chromosomeWhich of the following types of genetic information can be identified easily with a karyotype?a. dominant traitsb. recessive allelesc. homologous chromosomesd. exact locations of genesEye color, hair color, and skin color are polygenic traits. Polygenic traits result froma. recessive genes.b. many genes.c. codominant genes.d. epistatic genes.Unlike the traits studied by Mendel, most traits are produced by genes witha. only one allele.b. sex linkage.c. dominance and recessiveness.d. multiple alleles.What is the phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents?Choose the correct answer.a. 3:1b. 1:2:1c. 4:0d. 9:3:3:1The law of segregation deals with which of the following?Choose the correct answer.a. the separation of alleles during meiosisb. the separation of daughter cells during mitosisc. the separation of homologous chromosomes during mitosisd.the separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosisWhat is the name for a cross that examines the inheritance of two traits?Choose the correct answer.a. monohybrid crossb. dihybrid crossc. sex-linked crossd. crossing overMendel began his experiments with purebred pea plants. This approach enabled him to determine that variations among offspring were the result of __________.Choose the correct answer.a. his crossingsb. self-pollinationc. random mutationsd. genetic uniformityWhich type of inheritance concerns traits that are located on the X chromosome?Choose the correct answer.a.polygenicb. sex-linkedc. codominanced. incomplete dominanceIn incomplete dominance, the heterozygous phenotype is a blending of the two homozygous phenotypes, In other words, the phenotype is an intermediate.TrueFalseMost of the traits expressed in a person's phenotype are determined bya. Y chromosomes.b. sex chromosomes.c. autosomal genes.d. X chromosome inactivation.What is the main difference between the carrier of a sex-linked disorder and the carrier of an autosomal disorder?a. Female carriers of an autosomal disorder pass the disorder to all offspring.b. Male carriers of a sex-linked disorder always have mothers who had the disorder.c. The carrier of a sex-linked disorder is always female but does not have the disorder.d. All carriers of autosomal disorders have two dominant alleles for the disorder.Which example is not an outcome of the environment modifying a phenotype?Choose the correct answer.a. the changing of the color of an animal's fur as the temperature changesb. the increased intelligence of a person who attended school for many yearsc. the pink-flowered snapdragons that result from crosses between red-flowered and white-flowered snapdragon plantsd. the very short stature of a kind of tree that grows at a high altitude in comparison with the same kind of tree growing at a lower altitudeA gene is a segment of DNA on a chromosome that plays an important role in determining how an organism develops and functions.TrueFalseWhich of these was a key factor in the success of Mendel's experiments?Choose the correct answer.a. He started with several different types of plants.b. He started with plants that were native to the area.c. He started with cross-pollinating, flowering plants.d. He started with self-pollinating, purebred plants.The exchange of segments of DNA between the members of a pair of chromosomes __________.Choose the correct answer.a. is called genetic crossingb. always produces genetic disordersc. acts as a source of variations within a speciesd. ensures that variations within a species never occurWhich phrase best describes meiosis I?Choose the correct answer.a. fusion of sister chromatidsb. creation of two diploid cellsc. duplication of paired chromosomesd. division of homologous chromosomesWhich statement is true of a sex-linked recessive gene?a. In an XY male, one copy is always inactivated.b. In an XX female, it is always passed to offspring.c. In an XY male, this recessive gene is always expressed.d. In an XX female, only one copy is needed for expression.A person who is heterozygous for a disorder caused by recessive alleles is a carrier of the disorder. A carrier is a person whoa. can develop the disorder later in life but cannot pass it on.b. has a dominant normal allele that has been inactivated.c. passes the disorder to offspring on the Y chromosome only.d. does not have the disorder but can pass it on to offspring.
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