Which statement about polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is true?Choose the correct answer.a. occurs inside bacteriab. builds new polymerasesc. produces RNA segmentsd. requires primers and nucleotidesIn PCR, the reason that primers are necessary is that the DNA nucleotides need to have a section od DNA to start with in order to replicate DNA.TrueFalseGene therapy tests for and/or prevents genetic disorders by replacing a faulty section of DNA with a functioning section of DNA.TrueFalseA mutation caused by a piece of DNA breaking away from its chromosome and becoming attached to a nonhomologous chromosome is called __________.Choose the correct answer.a. deletionb. inversionc. duplicationd. translocationWhich of these is an example of a mutagen?Choose the correct answer.a. thymineb. triglyceridec. UV sunlightd. repair enzymeWhich type of mutation has no effect on phenotype?Choose the correct answer.a. pointb. silentc. frameshiftd. chromosomalIn the case of codominant alleles, a plant that is homozygous for red flowers that is crossed with a plant that is homozygous for white flowers will produce flowers that area. red and white spotted.b. dark pink all over.c. pink and red.d. completely white.Much of what we know about single-gene traits in humans is the result of studyinga. genetic disorders.b. hemophilia.c. polygenic traits.d. Britain's Royal Family.Nondisjunction causes which of the following?Choose the correct answer.a. extra geneb. extra codonc. extra chromosomed. extra nitrogen baseWhat is the probability that the offspring of a cross between a homozygous recessive parent and a heterozygous parent will be homozygous recessive?Choose the correct answer.a. 1/1 or 100%b. 1/2 or 50%c. 1/4 or 25%d. None of them will be homozygous recessive because at least one parent is true breeding for the recessive trait.Generally, mutations that affect a single gene occur during __________.Choose the correct answer.a. operationb. translationc. replicationd. transcriptionTransgenic organisms are being genetically engineered and then cloned to produce human proteins that are useful in the medical field.TrueFalseIn PCR, what is the purpose of raising the temperature to 95° in the thermocycler?Choose the correct answer.a. to copy the DNA strandsb. to separate the DNA strandsc. to bind the primers to the DNA strandd. to copy and bind primers to the DNA strandGenetic variation can arise from a random change in the DNA of a gene. This change is called a(n) __________.Choose the correct answer.a. alleleb. mutationc. gene flowd. gene poolIdentical twins who are raised apart can have differences that last a lifetime. This is evidence thata. phenotype differences happen through epistatic genes.b. environment and genotype interact to affect phenotype.c. genotype can change over time.d. codominance affects genotype.Genes that are located on sex chromosomes are calleda. sex-linked.b. XY.c. alleles.d. recessive.Children tend to resemble their parents due to __________.Choose the correct answer.a. heredityb. metabolismc. homeostasisd. responsivenessMutations that can affect the offspring of an organism occur in what cell type?Choose the correct answer.a. bodyb. germc. braind. bloodA genetic disorder is traced within a family. The disorder occurs mostly in males. The gene for this disorder is most likelya. carried only by males.b. not sex-linked.c. on the X chromosome.d. an autosomal allele.Cystic fibrosis is an example of a genetic disease caused by the deletion of a nucleotide. What is the term for this type of mutation?Choose the correct answer.a. frame-shiftb. single-genec. translocationd. chromosomal
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