In which phase of meiosis does the chromosome number change from diploid to haploid?Choose the correct answer.a. prophase Ib. anaphase Ic. prophase IId. anaphase II in meiosis at the end of crossing over.Genetic recombination occurs in meiosis at the end of crossing over.TrueFalseIn sexual reproduction, two parents each form haploid cells, which then join together to form offspring.TrueFalseA plant that is homozygous for red flowers is crossed with a plant that is homozygous for white flowers. In the case of incomplete dominance, the flowers of the offspring will bea. red and white.b. white only.c. red only.d. pink only.In humans, having freckles (F) is dominant to not having freckles (f). The inheritance of these traits can be studied using a Punnett square as shown.Which box in the Punnett square represents a child who does not have freckles? choose the correct answer.a. Box 1b. Box 2c. Box 3d. Box 4A distinguishing characteristic that can be inherited is a(n) __________.Choose the correct answer.a. geneb. crossc. alleled. traitSeparation of homologous chromosomes occurs during __________.Choose the correct answer.a. mitosisb. meiosis Ic. meiosis IId. fertilizationWhat happens to sister chromatids in meiosis II?Choose the correct answer.a. They duplicate.b. They are divided.c. They do not take part.d. They remain together.Determine if the following statement(s) is/are true or false;At the conclusion of meiosis, the resulting gametes carry a new combination of genes. This new genetic combination may help an organism survive in a changing environment.TrueFalseWhen Mendel crossed plants that were purebred purple-flowered with plants that were purebred white-flowered, the resulting offspring all had purple flowers. When allowed to self-pollinate, this F generation gave rise to white-flowered plants as well as purple. As a result, Mendel determined that individual traits are __________.Choose the correct answer.a. diluted in offspringb.inherited as discrete unitsc. lost in the pollination processd. merged with successive generationsIf an individual possesses two recessive alleles for the same trait, the individual is said to be __________.Choose the correct answer.a. mutatedb. haploid for the traitc. homozygous for the traitd. heterozygous for the traitWhich phrase best describes the process of crossing over?Choose the correct answer.a. Pairs of sister chromatids become linked.b. Pairs of sister chromatids exchange segments.c. Pairs of homologous chromosomes become linked.d. Pairs of homologous chromosomes exchange segments.In codominance, the heterozygous phenotype shows characteristics of both homozygous phenotypes.TrueFalseWhen crossing over takes place, chromosomes __________.Choose the correct answer.a. decrease in numberb. produce new genesc. mutate in the first divisiond. exchange corresponding segments of DNAMad cow disease is caused by A) a retrovirus similar to HIV. B) an enveloped virus. C) small circular RNA molecules called viroids. D) infectious proteins called prions.While working with cultured mouse cells, a researcher unknowingly treated the cells with a mutagen that causes the deletion or insertion of individual nucleotides in DNA. Subsequently, she isolated and cultured a single cell from this group. She noticed that the progeny of this cell were not producing a certain protein and that this affected their survival.The mutation that resulted from her accident was probably ______. A) an amino acid substitution B) one that changed the triplet grouping of the genetic message C) an error in translation D) a loss in regulation of gene expressionWhich event is an important factor in increasing variety among sexually reproducing organisms? Choose the correct answer.a. crossing overb. gene linkagec. testcrossd. mitosisWhich phrase best describes the process of meiosis?Choose the correct answer.a. occurs in body cellsb. produces haploid gametesc. happens only in haploid cellsd. results in genetically identical cellsOnce viruses are detected, the number of viruses increases rapidly. This is because ______. A) lysogeny produces large numbers of bacteriophages B) DNA viruses reproduce more rapidly than RNA viruses C) the host cell speeds the release process D) the viruses lyse the hosts to release mature viruses all at once44) Consider the following figure. It indicates that a single amino acid substitution ______. A) always involves adenine and uracil B) may alter a protein so that it no longer functions properly C) is a silent mutation D) causes a nonsense mutation
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