Blood type is an example of codominance because for AB blood types, both A and B alleles are simultaneously expressed. Blood type is also an example of multiple alleles because of ABO blood type alleles.One possible result of chromosomal breakage is for a fragment to join a nonhomologous chromosome. This is called a (an)a.deletion d.translocationb.disjunction. e.duplicationc.inversionBacteria containing recombinant plasmids are often identified by which process?a.examining the cells with an electron microscopeb.using radioactive tracers to locate the plasmidsc.exposing the bacteria to an antibiotic that kills cells lacking the plasmidd.removing the DNA of all cells in a culture to see which cells have plasmidse.producing antibodies specific for each bacterium containing a recombinant plasmidThe recombination frequency between gene A and gene B is 8.4%, the recombination frequency between gene A and gene C is 6.8%, and the recombination frequency between gene B and gene C is 15.2%. Which is the correct arrangement of these genes?a.ABC d.CABb.ACB e.CBAc.BCAHypophosphatemia (vitamin D-resistant rickets) is inherited as a X-linked dominant disorder. An unaffected woman mates with a male with hypophosphatemia. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of their offspring?a.1 normal daughter: 1 daughter with hypophosphatemiab.1 normal daughter : 1 son with hypophosphatemiac.daughter with hypophosphatemia : 1 normal sond.2 normal daughters : 1 normal son : 1 son with hypophosphatemiae.3 normal daughters : 1 son with hypophosphatemiaWhat do all human males inherit from their mother?a.mitochondrial DNA d.A and B onlyb.an X chromosome e.A, B, and C c.the SRY geneRestriction fragments of DNA are typically separated from one another by which process?a.filteringb.centrifugationc.gel electrophoresisd.PCRe.electron microscopyPlasmids are important in biotechnology because they area.a vehicle for the insertion of foreign genes into bacteria.b.recognition sites on recombinant DNA strands.c.surfaces for protein synthesis in eukaryotic recombinants.d.surfaces for respiratory processes in bacteria.e.proviruses incorporated into the host DNA.In humans, male-pattern baldness is controlled by a gene that occurs in two allelic forms. Allele Hn determines nonbaldness, and allele Hb determines pattern baldness. In males, because of the presence of testosterone, allele Hb is dominant over Hn. If a man and woman both with genotype HnHb have a son, what is the chance that he will eventually be bald?a.0% d.50%b.25% e.75%c.33%What is the enzymatic function of restriction enzymes?a.to add new nucleotides to the growing strand of DNAb.to join nucleotides during replicationc.to join nucleotides during transcriptiond.to cleave nucleic acids at specific sitese.to repair breaks in sugar-phosphate backbonesIf a chromosome lacks certain genes, what has most likely occurred?a.disjunction d.a translocationb.an inversion e.a nonduplicationc.a deletionIn cats, black fur color is caused by an X-linked allele; the other allele at this locus causes orange color. The heterozygote is tortoiseshell. What kinds of offspring would you expect from the cross of a black female and an orange male?a.tortoiseshell female; tortoiseshell maleb.black female; orange malec.orange female; orange maled.tortoiseshell female; black malee.orange female; black maleA cell that has 2n + 1 chromosomes is a.trisomic d.polyploidb.monosomic e.both A and Cc.aneuploidAn achondroplastic male dwarf with normal vision marries a color-blind woman of normal height. The man's father was six-feet tall, and both the woman's parents were of average height. Achondroplastic dwarfism is autosomal dominant, and red-green color blindness is X-linked recessive. They have a daughter who is a dwarf with normal color vision. What is the probability that she is heterozygous for both genes?a.0 d.0.75b.0.25 e.1.00If nondisjunction occurs in meiosis II during gametogenesis, what will be the result at the completion of meiosis?a.All the gametes will be diploidb.Two gametes will be n + 1, and two will be n - 1c.One gamete will be n + 1, one will be n - 1, and two will be nd.There will be three extra gametese.Two of the four gametes will be haploid, and two will be diploidRed-green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait in humans. Two people with normal color vision have a color-blind son. What are the genotypes of the parents?a.XcXc and XcY d.XCXC and XCYb.XcXc and XCY e.XCXc and XCYc.XCXC and XcYIn birds, sex is determined by a ZW chromosome scheme. Males are ZZ and females are ZW. A lethal recessive allele that causes death of the embryo is sometimes present on the Z chromosome in pigeons. What would be the sex ratio in the offspring of a cross between a male that is heterozygous for the lethal allele and a normal female?a.2:1 male to female d.4:3 male to femaleb.1:2 male to female e.3:1 male to femalec.1:1 male to femaleA man who carries an X-linked allele will pass it on toa.all of his daughters d.half of his sonsb.half of his daughters e.all of his childrenc.all of his sonsIf a pair of homologous chromosomes fails to separate during anaphase of meiosis I, what will be the chromosome number of the four resulting gametes with respect to the normal haploid number (n)?a.n + 1; n + 1; n - 1; n - 1b.n + 1; n - 1; n; nc.n + 1; n - 1; n - 1; n - 1d.n + 1; n + 1; n; ne.n - 1; n - 1; n; nCinnabar eyes is a sex-linked recessive characteristic in fruit flies. If a female having cinnabar eyes is crossed with a wild-type male, what percentage of the F1 males will have cinnabar eyes?a.0% d.75%b.25% e.100%c.50%
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