12) A natural disaster that resulted in the loss of genetic diversity in a population would be an example of aA) founder effect.B) genetic drift.C) bottleneck effect.D) natural selection.15) Which of the following types of selection favors one extreme of a phenotypic distribution?A) disruptive selectionB) stabilizing selectionC) directional selectionD) balancing selection16) Which of the following types of selection is typically associated with quantitative traits?A) disruptive selection onlyB) both stabilizing and disruptive selectionC) stabilizing selection onlyD) balancing selection9) The term for the mating for two genetically unrelated individuals isA) outbreeding.B) inbreeding.C) disassortative mating.D) assertive mating.1) The term for a group of individuals from the same species that can interbreed with one another is A) species.B) population.C) race.D) community.E) kingdom.22) Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg equation?A) The population is large.B) There is no migration into or out of the population.C) There is no selection against a given genotype.D) There is no mutation in the gene being studied.E) There is nonrandom mating.14) Given the allele frequency for a gene in population A is 0.3 and the frequency for the same allele in population B is 0.5 and that 25 individuals from A migrate to and mate randomly with the 475 individuals in population B, what is the new allele frequency (PC) in the conglomerate?A) 0.052B) 0.2C) 0.8D) 0.4911) Genetic drift has the greatest influence on allele frequencies for which population size?A) smallB) largeC) Genetic drift has the same impact on both large and small populations.D) Genetic drift has no effect on the allele frequencies.23) A population with an allele for a gene that constitutes 99% of the alleles in the population means that the population is called monomorphic for that gene.8) Most natural populations are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.4) In a given population of Drosophila, curly wings (c ) is recessive to the wild-type condition of straight wings (c+ ). You isolate a population of 35 curly winged flies, 70 flies that are heterozygous for straight wings, and 45 that are homozygous for straight wings. What is the frequency of alleles in this population?A) 35% c, 45% c+B) 46.7% c, 53.3% c+C) 50% c, 50% c+D) 55% c, 45% c+E) None of these choices are correct.19) A SNP would best be described as A) a gene that comes in multiple different alleles.B) a balanced polymorphism system.C) a single nucleotide difference between two DNA sequences.D) the least frequent type of mutation.E) None of these choices are correct.29) Calculate the inbreeding coefficient of an individual given an n of 4 (excluding the inbred offspring) with one common ancestor. The inbreeding of the common ancestor is unknown.A) 25%B) 3.125%C) 6.25%D) 50%21) The prevalence of the allele for sickle cell anemia in some populations is an example of which of the following?A) heterogeneous environmentsB) balancing selectionC) inverted selectionD) non-Darwinian selectionE) nonrandom mating7) Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg equation?A) There is no migration into or out of the population.B) Individuals of the population mate randomly.C) The population size is very large.D) Selection favors the dominant allele.E) There is no mutation occurring in the population.10) The probability that two alleles will be identical for a given gene in an individual because the alleles are from the same ancestor is estimated byA) the calculation of average heterozygosity.B) the Hardy-Weinberg equation.C) the inbreeding coefficient.D) the chi-square test.6) In the equation p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1, what does the term 2pq represent?A) the genotypic frequency of homozygous recessive individualsB) the genotypic frequency of homozygous dominant individualsC) the genotypic frequency of heterozygous individualsD) the sum of the phenotypic frequencies in the populationE) None of these choices are correct.Linked genes are genes that are close together on the same chromosome (autosome), meaning that the alleles will be inherited as a unit more frequently than not. Meanwhile, sex-linked traits are traits that are controlled by a gene (or an allele) located on the sex chromosome. An example of linked genes is blond hair and blue eyes, and an example of sex-linked traits is Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Multiple alleles are basically when a certain gene has three or more alleles. Meanwhile, polygenic traits are traits that are controlled by multiple genes instead of just one. An example of multiple alleles would be for rabbit coat colors (C gene). If the C gene comes in four common alleles: C, cch, ch, and c, these alleles would be considered as multiple alleles of the C gene. An example of polygenic traits is height. This is because height is influenced by many different bones (leg, torso, even neck).Incomplete dominance is when the phenotype of a heterozygous organism blends between the phenotypes of its homozygous parents. Meanwhile, codominance is when both alleles are simultaneously expressed in the heterozygote. An example of incomplete dominance is when two flowers (homozygous white and red) produce a flower that is heterozygous and a mix of the two parent flowers (heterozygous pink). An example of codominance is a speckled chicken (both black and white feather alleles).
Explore Features
Discover the full suite of AI-powered study tools.
Study Plan
Build a personalized study schedule powered by AI.
Record Lecture
Capture and generate enhanced notes from your lectures.
Notes
Automatically generate comprehensive notes from any course material.
Calendar
Plan personalized study sessions with AI-assisted scheduling
Tutor Me
Get comprehensive step-by-step explanations on any topic.
Spark.E Call
Have a live voice conversation with your AI tutor.
Spark.E Visuals
Analyze diagrams, charts, and images with AI-powered explanations.
Audio Recap
Generate podcast-style audio summaries of your study materials.
Explainer Video
Turn any topic into an AI-generated educational video.
Flashcards
Create smart flashcard decks from your study materials with one click.
QuizFetch
Auto-generated quizzes from your uploaded content.
Arcade
Learn through interactive study games.
Exam-Specific Questions
Practice with real exam formats and questions.
Practice Tests
Simulate full-length exams from your material.
Essay Grader
Receive personalized feedback and grading on your essays.
Plugins
Shape the way Spark.E teaches you.
Mini Apps
Explore interactive study apps or build your own.