Chemistry Questions
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Penicillins that have good acidic stability are best to be given in what route?
What kind of oral activity do ureidopenicillins have?
What leaving group that when cleaved still has pharmacologic action such as causing the disulfuam - like reaction when taken with alcohol or increases INR?
What kind of substitution group is the best for oral formulations in penicillins?
Pen G:- ___________ acidic stability so a __________ is required to raise stomach acid pH so as much Pen G as possible can be absorbed
What do oral cephalosporin drugs not have that parenteral cephalosporin drugs do have?
Where should a substitution be placed in a penicillin to provide more stability to resistance enzymes?
What atom has a greater effect on ring strain in a 4/5 fused ring system, carbon or sulfur?
What cephalosporin is described by: - gram positive spectrum similar to 1st generation, no as good - more active than 3rd generation for many gram negative bacilli- more active than 3rd generation for antipseudomonal activity - less susceptible than 3rd generations to resistance
Which two atoms have a great effect on ring strain of a 4/6 fused ring system?
Place these drugs in order from most ring strain to least ring strain: penicillin beta - lactam oxacefamscarbapenemcephamycinscarbacephams
What cephalosporin is described by: - less active than first generation for gram positive cocci - enhanced activity vs. aerobic gram negative bacilli - anti - pseudomonal activity
What two substitutions when made on the left side of the molecule provide anti - pseudomonal activity?
If cephalosporins don't have a leaving group on the right side of the molecule are they stable or unstable in an acidic environment?
What type of broad spectrum, penicillinase sensitive penicillin is described by: - same as carboxypenicillins with even more activity against gram negative bacteria including pseudomonas aeruginosa
What are the three types of broad spectrum, penicillinase sensitive (semi - synthetic) penicillins?
What carbapenem is described by: - broad spectrum active against various gram positive- gram negative (including pseudomonas) - anaerobic bacteria active against many beta - lactamase producing bacteria
What drug does imipenem have to be combined with so it can actually do its antimicrobial activity on the body?
In both cephalosporins and penicillins what kind of side chain on the left side of the nucleus prevents the carbonyl from opening up the beta - lactam ring in an acidic environment?
Steps of making penicillin and cephalosporin nuclei: 1. adipic acid, cysteine and __________ are the nutrients that connect together to form a tripeptide 2. the _________ group of the cysteine will attack the ____________ in one of two places 3. if it attacks at the terminal carbon then a ____________ nucleus will form 4. if it attacks at the penultimate (second to last carbon) then a _______ nucleus will form 5. then will each nuclei there is a leaving group of the left side of the molecule that will be cleaved by ____________6. after the cleavage of the leaving group the penicillin nucleus is left with ____________ and the cephalosporin nucleus is left with _________