Chemistry Questions
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What carbapenem is described by: - similar to imipenem, also inhibits imipenem - resistant pseudomonas
In both cephalosporins and penicillins what kind of side chain on the left side of the nucleus prevents the carbonyl from opening up the beta - lactam ring in an acidic environment?
What drug does imipenem have to be combined with so it can actually do its antimicrobial activity on the body?
What cephalosporin is described by: - most active against gram positive cocci - limited activity against gram negative bacilli
Penicillin + beta - lactamase inhibitor has what effect on the spectrum of activity
An increase in polarity causes an increase in ____________ activity.
What carbapenem is described by: - active against various gram negative bacteria (including pseudomonas) no appreciable activity against gram positive or anaerobic bacteria active against many beta - lactamase producing bacteria
What cephalosporin is described by: - about equal to first generation for gram positive cocci - more active against gram negative bacilli- some activity against beta - lactamase producing strains - anaerobic activity
What has more ring strain a 4/5 fused ring or a 4/6 fused ring?
What drug of choice class is used for penicillin resistant staph aureus and staph epidermidis?
What type of broad spectrum, penicillinase sensitive penicillin is described by: - similar to fermentation derived plus more active against gram negative bacteria including pseudomonas aeruginosa
Monobactams bind primarily to PBP3 in gram ___________ bacteria
What types of bacteria do fermentation derived penicillins most active against?
What PBPs are the most lethal in regards to if they aren't around or they can't function properly then the cell/organism will die?
Role of PBP in bacteria: 1. PBP has a ________ hydroxyl group that will attack a terminal portion of the cell wall 2. PBP will attack the cell wall strand at the second to last ________ connection 3. The binding of PBP causes the cleavage of the last __________ connection as a free enzyme and then creates an activated _________ on the end of the attacked cell wall strand 4. Another cell wall strand has a free _________ terminus that PBP will facilitate in creating a new ___________ linkage between the activated ester (the strand that PBP originally attacked) and the other strand
Where is the peptidoglycan layer located in gram negative bacteria?
Do gram positive bacteria have a thick or then peptidoglycan layer?
Is the peptidoglycan layer of gram negative bacteria thick or thin?
How do drugs typically come into gram negative bacteria?
Where are the beta - lactamases found in gram negative bacteria?