Anatomy Questions

T/F: The muscularis of the GI tract contains two layers of smooth muscles: The out circular layer and the inner longitudinal layer.

Which organs are components of the lower gastrointestinal tract?

T/F: Completion of all carbohydrate digestion occurs only in the small intestine with enzymes secreted from the pancreas.

Which organs and accessory structures are considered part of the upper GI tract?

T/F: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach.

Enteroendocrine cells of the lower part of the small intestine produce the hormones cholecystokinin (CCK) and:

Secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) are hormones that are secreted from what GI organ?

Chewing requires the coordinated activities of teeth, skeletal muscles in lips, tongue, cheeks, and jaws that are controlled by nuclei within the medulla oblongata and pons, collectively called the _____ center.

Answer the following T/F questions regarding the structure and location of the esophagus.1) The esophagus extends from the nasopharynx to the stomach.2) The esophagus is about 25 meters long.3) The esophagus lies anterior to the trachea.4) The muscularis of the esophagus is different from other parts of the digestive tract because the superior part of the esophagus consists of skeletal muscle.5) The esophagus contains both an upper and a lower esophageal sphincter that regulates the movement of materials into and out of the esophagus.6) The esophagus contains numerous mucous glands that produce a thick, lubricating mucus that coats the inner surface of the esophagus.

The enzyme pepsin is formed from pepsinogen through the action of:

Which of the following are considered small intestine brush border enzymes participating in carbohydrate digestion?

In what ways is the large intestine histologically different from the small intestine?

T/F: Protein digestion begins in the small intestine.

Salivary _____ breaks the chemical bond between two glucose molecules; it breaks down the long polysaccharide starch molecule into smaller and smaller pieces until only glucose results.

The accessory organs of the lower GI tract include the liver, gallbladder, and:

T/F: Secretin is released from the small intestine primarily in response to the acidic chyme coming from the stomach and secretin causes the release of an alkaline solution containing bicarbonate from both the liver and pancreas.

The intestinal phase of digestion involves both the intestinal reflex and the release of two primary hormones: _____ and secretin.

T/F: Sensory input from both mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors is relayed to the CNS in response to stimulation. Autonomic motor output is then relayed through cranial nerves to organs of the GI tract. These are referred to as the short reflexes.

The majority of triglyceride digestion occurs in the small intestine facilitated by the enzyme:

Match the swallowing phase with its description.1) Bolus passes from pharynx to esophagus2) Bolus passes from esophagus to stomach3) Chewing forms a bolus.