Anatomy Questions

Which of the following general receptors are found within the GI tract?

Proteolytic enzymes are activated in the small intestine using the enzyme:

Motility and secretion in the stomach is generated by the _____ reflex initiated by thought, smell, sight, or taste of food.

In which gastrointestinal tunic are general receptors located?

_____ is a hormone released from the small intestine primarily in response to fatty chyme in the intestinal lumen.

T/F: The liver stores, concentrates, and releases bile into the duodenum.

Smooth muscle activity in the small intestine wall facilitates chemical digestion and absorption employing the processes of segmentation and:

Select all that are major functions of the muscularis layer of the GI tract.

T/F: Stimulation of the salivary glands is primarily through parasympathetic neurons from the facial (VII) cranial nerve to the submandibular and sublingual glands and from the glossopharyngeal (IX) cranial nerve to the parotid gland.

T/F: To prevent damage to the glands that secrete them, proteolytic enzymes are secreted in an inactive form (zymogens), only to be activated once inside the lumen of the GI tract.

Match the phase of swallowing with the correct events:1) Initiated by stimulation of tactile receptors in the oropharynx2) Peristalsis moves food bolus onward3) The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes4) Begins with elevation of the soft palate5) Food bolus forced into the oropharynx6) The upper esophageal sphincter relaxes7) Food bolus pushed by tongue against the hard palate

Digestive reflexes that do not involve the central nervous system but instead are local and occur only within the enteric nervous system are called _____ reflexes.

Normal indigenous bacteria in the large intestine are responsible for the production of vitamins B and:

T/F: The duodenum is considered part of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

DNA and RNA (nucleic acids) are polymers of nucleotides that are broken down, first, by pancreatic enzymes and then completed by intestinal brush border enzymes which include phosphatase and:

Once inside epithelial cells, fatty acids are reattached to monoglycerides reforming triglycerides; triglycerides are then wrapped with other proteins by the Golgi to form _____ that enter the lymphatic system.

Parietal cells of the gastric glands in the stomach produce:

T/F: All enzymes that digest protein are released as inactive enzymes and must be activated because the enzymes would destroy the proteins within the cells that produce them.

where does cranial nerve XI originate in the brain?

where does cranial nerve X leave/enter the brain?