Anatomy Questions

Aldosterone ________.A) is secreted by the posterior pituitaryB) functions to increase sodium reabsorptionC) presence increases potassium concentration in the bloodD) production is greatly influenced by ACTH

Thyroxine is a peptide hormone, but its mechanism is different from other peptide hormones.Which of the following statements is true concerning this difference?A) It causes positive feedback.B) It does not require a second messenger to cause a response.C) It is very specific in the cell type it targets.D) It is a stimulant of cellular metabolism and targets all cells.

In circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone, theDNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the cells of thetarget organ. This is known as ________.A) sensitivity increaseB) cellular affinityC) up-regulationD) a stressor reaction

Hormones that bind to plasma proteins ________.A) are usually water solubleB) must also bind to plasma membrane receptorsC) are usually made of amino acidsD) are usually synthesized from cholesterol

Which of the following is NOT a step in thyroxine (T4) production?A) the production of thyroglobulin by follicular cellsB) the diffusion of iodide from blood plasma into the follicular cellC) the binding of iodine to tyrosines in the colloidD) the linking of two diiodotyrosine (DIT) molecules in the colloid

What ion is sometimes used as a second messenger of amino acid-based hormones?A) ironB) calciumC) sodiumD) chlorine

Which organ is responsible for synthesizing the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?A) the heartB) the kidneyC) the skinD) the spleen

Which of the following is NOT a parathyroid gland mechanism to maintain adequate levelsof blood calcium?A) activation of osteoclastsB) increased calcium ion reabsorption by the kidneysC) increased intestinal absorption of calcium ionsD) inhibition of calcitonin synthesis

Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to ________.A) testosteroneB) estrogenC) cortisolD) epinephrine

A release of parathyroid hormone (PTH) will trigger ________.A) increased osteoblast activityB) a reduction of calcium reabsorption in the kidney tubulesC) increased activation of vitamin D by the kidneyD) a drop in blood calcium levels

Thyroid hormone (a small iodinated amine) enters target cells in a manner similar to________.A) insulin, because insulin is a small peptideB) steroid hormones, because both diffuse easily into target cellsC) growth hormone, because the thyroid works synergistically with thyroid hormoneD) glucagon, because the structure of glucagon is similar to that of thyroid hormone

Leptin is secreted by ________.A) lymphocytesB) adipose cellsC) goblet cellsD) fibroblasts

Hormones often cause a cell to elicit multiple responses; this is because ________.A) there are thousands of receptors on the cell membraneB) the receptors bind to several hormones at the same timeC) the protein kinases are rapidly metabolized into functional amino acidsD) during protein kinase activation, enzymes phosphorylate many other enzymes

The effect of a hormone on a target cell may be decreased by the presence of ________.A) antagonistic hormonesB) permissive hormonesC) synergistic hormonesD) plasma membrane receptors

One of the least complicated of the endocrine control systems directly responds to changingblood levels of ions and nutrients. Which of the following describes this mechanism?A) neural stimulationB) catabolic inhibitionC) protein synthesisD) humoral stimulation

Which of the following statements is true of amino acid-based hormones?A) They cross the plasma membrane.B) They are lipid soluble.C) They are synthesized from cholesterol.D) They require a receptor in the plasma membrane.

Which anterior pituitary hormone does NOT target another endocrine gland?A) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)B) growth hormone (GH)C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)D) luteinizing hormone(LH)

Which of the following is NOT a change typically produced by a hormonal stimulus?A) activates or deactivates enzymesB) stimulates production of an action potentialC) alters plasma membrane permeabilityD) induces secretory activity

Oxytocin ________.A) release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanismB) is an anterior pituitary secretionC) exerts its most important effects during menstruationD) controls milk production

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ________.A) increases urine productionB) promotes dehydrationC) is produced by the anterior pituitaryD) secretion is inhibited by alcohol