Anatomy Questions

The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is NOT a true endocrine gland because ________.A) it is strictly a part of the neural system and has little or nothing to do with hormonal releaseB) embryonically it was an endocrine tissue, but in the adult human it is no longer functionalC) it is unable to function as an endocrine tissue because it is actually part of the neural systemdue to its locationD) it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release

Enterochromaffin-like cells of the gastric mucosa can be triggered to release histamine.Histamine, in this case, causes nearby parietal cells of the stomach lining to producehydrochloric acid. The effect of histamine on parietal cells would best be described as a(n)________A) second messengerB) autocrineC) exocrineD) paracrine

Which of the following can act on receptors inside the target cell that directly activate specificgenes?A) growth hormoneB) testosteroneC) calcitoninD) melatonin

Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anteriorpituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary glandis through the ________.A) hepatic portal systemB) general circulatory systemC) hypophyseal portal systemD) feedback loop

Which of the following is NOT a change that may be caused by hormonal stimulus?A) a change in membrane potentialB) stimulation of mitosisC) an increase in enzyme synthesisD) direct control of the nervous system

Virtually all amino acid-based hormones exert their signaling effects through intracellular________.A) calciumB) deactivating ionsC) nucleotidesD) second messengers

Which of the following hormones suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure?A) gastrinB) secretinC) leptinD) aldosterone

The second-messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by ________.A) synthesizing more than one hormone at a timeB) increasing the basal metabolic rate in the target organC) altering gene expression in the nuclear DNAD) binding to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP

The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependenton ________.A) the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory pathB) the membrane potential of the cells of the target organC) the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organD) nothing—all hormones of the human body are able to stimulate any and all cell types becausehormones are powerful and nonspecific

Steroid hormones exert their action by ________.A) entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a geneB) binding cell receptors and initiating cAMP activityC) entering the cell and activating mitochondrial DNAD) activating the hypothalamic release of regulating hormones

Which of the following is NOT a category of endocrine gland stimulus?A) enzymaticB) humoralC) neuralD) hormonal

Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the________.A) adrenal medullaB) pancreasC) thyroid glandD) thymus gland

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus?A) polyuriaB) polydipsiaC) polyphagiaD) polycythemia

Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids that travel through the bloodand regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called ________.A) enzymesB) antibodiesC) proteinsD) hormoneS

The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract ________.A) connects the hypophysis to the pituitary glandB) runs through the infundibulumC) conducts aldosterone to the hypophysisD) is the site of prolactin synthesis

Gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from fats and proteins, is due to the action of________.A) aldosteroneB) insulinC) secretinD) cortisol

has both endocrine and exocrine functions

Where is the Parathyroid gland?

testes in the male and ovaries in the female

how are the anterior and posterior pituitary connevted