Political Science Questions

Providenciales, Turks and Caicos Islands

Sen's thesis suggests that _____ should also be included in the index, and they are not

how many electoral votes does it take to win the presidency

dealingment; era of divided government; media; us v. them politics

How do political parties influence political attitudes and opinions? A. most American filter their opinions and attitudes through their partisanshipB. the parties in congress are more polarized than everC. political parties generally have little influence over people's attitudes and opinions except on matters of the economyD. political attitudes and opinions tend to influence individuals' partisanship, while partisanship rarely influences political attitudes and opinions

Which of the following statements about the major forces shaping public opinion is true?A. family and friends used to have a major influence over one's attitudes and opinions however, in the age of social media, this is no longer the case B. with increasing mobility within the United States, there is little regional variation in political attitudes and ideologyC. social group memberships, like race, gender, and ethnicity, exert less influence on public opinion than in the pastD. white evangelical protestants are more likely to hold conservative views, while those without any religious affiliation are more likely to hold liberal views

6.Which of the following statements about government responsiveness to public opinion is correct?A. Many studies find that the government is responsive to public opinion, especially on high-profile issues.B. Government is only responsive to the public during times of national security threats or economics recessionsC. While public opinion can influence public policies, public policies do not influence public opinionD. Government responsiveness to public opinion only occurs on foreign policy issues

How can public-opinion polls influence elections?A. Polls convince voters to change their partisanship, which can swing electionsB. Poll results can create a bandwagon effect in which people are convinced to support a candidate identified as the probable victor.C. Polls often cause candidates to adopt more extreme issue positionsD. Public-opinion polls often help combat misinformation and fake news among voters, leading to higher turnout

Why is political knowledge important for democracy?A. Political knowledge leads to less partisan polarizationB. Political knowledge will reduce gridlock in congress, which means that more policies can get implemented quicklyC. Political knowledge will reduce the influence of political parties, which are harmful for democracyD. Political knowledge is an important basis for individuals to effectively defend their political interests, rights, and freedoms

How does liberal political ideology differ from conservative political ideology?A. most liberals support greater government intervention in the economy than do most conservativesB. most liberals support cutting taxes and reducing government spending compared to most conservativesC. most liberals support a greater role for religion in government and politics compared to most conservatives D. most liberals support greater funding of the military, while more conservatives support reduced military spending and a more expansive social safety net

Which of these statements about political knowledge is true? A. generally speaking, Americans are highly knowledgeable about their political institutions, policy debates, and leaders.B. political knowledge is not correlated with education levels or income.C. citizens with higher levels of political knowledge are better able to evaluate new information and determine whether it is relevant to and consistent with their beliefs and opinions.D. those with higher levels of political knowledge are no more likely than those with less political knowledge to know about and be active in politics.

How do values or beliefs differ from political attitudes or opinions?A. Values or beliefs come from an individual's religion, while opinions or attitudes generally come from family or peers.B.Values or beliefs are more malleable and can be changed much more easily than opinions or attitudesC.Values or beliefs make up a person's basic orientation to politics and are not limited to the political arena, while attitudes or opinions are views about particular issues, persons, or events.D.Values are determined by one's political ideology, whereas opinions or attitudes are not closely related to political ideology.

7.Why do more affluent and educated Americans typically exert greater influence over government officials and public policy?A. Affluent people generally have more popular issue positions, so politicians will generally adopt those to win electionsB. More affluent and educated american are usually leaders within the political partiesC. More affluent and educated people are more likely to vote and engage in other political activities, such as donating to campaigns, which gives them sway over elected officials.D. Affluent and educated americans follow government decision-making closely and form political action committees for each issue to apply pressure on members

.Public-opinion polls sometimes do not reflect the general population due toA. Simple random samplingB. Random-digit dialingC. Social desirability effectsD. Sampling

- Vote à l'unanimité remplacé par vote à la majorité au sein du conseil des ministres = faciliter la prise de décisions - Les Em peuvent déroger à un acte d'harmonisation des législations nationales lorsqu'ils invoquent un motif légitime. - Renforce les pv du Parlement : prérogative dans la procédure législative, domaine du marché intérieur, conclusion des traités internationnaux - Structure et renforce la coopération politique entre les EM

Acte précisé par la convention d'application de l'accord Schengen. Il prend la forme d'un traité international. Il est basé sur le marché intérieur. L'idée est que tout les citoyens des EM des communautés puissent circuler entre eux sans aucun contrôle aux frontières (contrôle renforcé vis-a-vis des pays tiers) et entre eux forment la zone Schengen.

Référendum sur le maintien du RU dans l'UE le 23 mai 2016 : 51% en faveur du "leave" = application article 50 du TUE-> RU toujours retissent à la construction euro : rabais sur sa participation au budget de k'Union, participe pas à la zone euro et aux acquis Schengen. Plusieurs dispositions ont été mises en place pour que le RU reste qui pour la plus part n'étaient pas conformes au droit du marché intérieur et aux disposions de la Cour de justice. Mais jamais misent en place car BREXIT. Application article 50 : - RU doit manifester sa volonté de quitter l'UE - ouverture d'un délais de 2 ans pour accord de retrait - signature accord de retrait (24 janv. 2020) ou l'Union continue de régir les rapports avec le RU - Sécurité juridique accordé au résidant britanniques que le territoire de l'UE - RU et UE doivent conclurent leurs relations futur sinon OMC s'en occupe

2e pilier : introduit la PESC 3e pilier : introduite une coopération dans les domaines de la justice et des affaires étrangères Ils portent sur les domaines de coopération intergouvernementales. Les EM n'ont transférés aucunes compétences à l'Union et le Conseil des ministres est l'organe décisionnel. Les institutions indépendantes des États n'interviennent pas.

Plan de relance : dette commune de 750 milliards d'euros dont 390 milliards non remboursables pour les Em impacté par la crise et 360 milliards prêtés aux États le souhaitant mais remboursable. Dette rembourse à partir des années 2027/2028. Problème : les États non bénéficiaires souhaitent un droit de regard et un contrôle sur les dépenses des États bénéficiaires = Conseil droit de regard mais peut pas s'oppose et EM bénéficiaires doivent conclurent rapport de dépenses validé par la Comm et les EM. Parlement souhaite interdire des aides aux États qui ne respectent pas l'État de droit. -> Comm établit cette violation et prend l'initiative de déclencher les sanctions -> Conseil euro bloque les fonds à la majorité qualifiée Opposition Hongrie + Pologne + menace de bloquage = Plan de relance établit sans eux + sanction -> acceptation du plan de relance

Réformer les institutions de l'Union du à l'élargissement de 30 EM -> solutions juridiques pour que le fonctionnement des institutions reste efficace. - limitation nb membre du Parlement - Participation du Parlement dans la procédure législative renforcée - vote Maj au sein du conseil - EM peuvent accepter des dispositions qui s'appliqueront sur leur territoire sans que d'autres EM n'ai à le faire- mise en place d'un espace de liberté, sécurité et de justice l'intérieur de l'Union (ELSJ) - renforce politique sociale de l'Union => Acte considéré comme un échec