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Medicine Questions

Explore questions in the Medicine category that you can ask Spark.E!

Sensitivity or Specificity?- Ability of the test to correctly detect those who have the disease- Proportion of the patients with disease (defined by gold standard) who have a positive test- Negative result is useful for ruling out disease (rarely misdiagnoses those who have the disease)

Which type of reference range?- Normal distribution - Range of observed values in a healthy population where 95% of healthy patients will fall into (bell curve)- The greater the number of tests ordered, the greater likelihood one will be abnormal, even in a healthy individual

Which term refers to assay errors from all sources arising from the data collection experiment that occurs during the analytic phase of laboratory testing?

The following are examples of which principle of laboratory medicine?- Presence and increase of tumor markers could indicate tumor presence, growth, recurrence and/or size

7 principles of laboratory medicine:1. _____ _____ or necrosis allows leakage of intracellular components into the _____, with subsequent rises in blood levels of these components2. An increase in specific labs that indicate failure of normal _____ processes3. Increases in tissue-specific markers may result from expansion of the total _____ of that tissue4. Certain conditions cause characteristic _____ of changes in several lab tests5. _____ changes underlie many disease, and some are inherited and acquired6. Clinical laboratory results should always be interpreted in the context of the patient's _____ and physical _____ 7. Clinical laboratory tests change with _____

Which term refers to the reference interval lab tests are compared to in order to make assessments, diagnoses, and offer management recommendations?

All of the following are possible errors during which laboratory testing phase?- Incorrect storage conditions prior to analysis- Specimen misidentification in the lab setting- Wrong test performed- Assay interferences - causing analytic variation- Assay failure

The following are examples of which principle of laboratory medicine?- Elevated bilirubin in biliary obstruction- Elevated PCO2 in certain pulmonary conditions

True/False: Both accuracy and precision may be presented in the form of a confidence interval (CI) or standard error (SE).

The following are examples of which principle of laboratory medicine?- Hemolysis causes a rise in indirect bilirubin, and a fall in haptoglobin and crit/hgb- Primary hyperthyroidism is characterized by increases in thyroxine (free T4) and by suppression of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Sensitivity calculation: - True _____ / (True _____ + False _____)

All of the following are possible errors during which laboratory testing phase?- Test selection: inappropriate test, misunderstood test results- Specimen collection: specimen mislabeling, incorrect time of collection, contamination- Important clinical information not provided- Delays in transportation leading to alterations in specimen constituents- Physiologic factors: age, altitude, eating/drinking, physical/mental stress, exercise- Specimen handling: time and temperature for storage, prompt transport of culture specimens

The following are examples of which principle of laboratory medicine?- Search for genetic factors that contribute to many common diseases remains a topic of intense research interest

Which type of reference range?- Define a range of values that is judged to be consistent with health on the basis of expert consensus opinion - Reference ranges may vary with age, gender, ethnic background, and physiologic state

Which anatomic plane?- Vertical plane running from front to back- Divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides

Which anatomic plane?- Vertical plane running from side to side- Divides the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions

4 rationales for laboratory medicine:1. _____ of _____: support a diagnosis of disease suspected, confirm diagnosis of disease, or refute a diagnosis2. _____ vs. _____ _____: identify treatable conditions in healthy individuals, correctly separate those individuals who have a disease from those who do not3. _____ _____ of _____ _____: assess patient risk of developing disease in the future based off of risk factors4. _____ _____ and _____: monitor progression of disease and response to therapy

All of the following are included in which category of laboratory tests?- Sputum- CSF- Peritoneal fluid- Pleural fluid- Semen- Joint fluid

All of the following are included in which category of laboratory tests?- Wound- Throat- Genital- Axilla- Nasopharyngeal

Which branch of medicine specializes in performance, reporting, and interpretation of clinical lab tests in the process of patient care?

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