Law Questions
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(1) Setting, Kmiting, or controlling production, markets, technical development, or investment; •(2) Dividing or sharing the market, whether by volume of sales or purchases, territory, type of goods or services, buyers or sellers or any other means; •
What products to consumers view as reasonable substitutes? •>Consider prices, use, quality, and other significant characteristics •?US Test: If there was a small but significant non-transitory increase in the price (SSNIP) of the product, to what other products would consumers turn? What alternative products can other supply, and under what circumstances will they do so? •>Establish the other players in the market. •Where can consumers possibly turn for supply? •>Analyzes location, whether local, regional, or international
Dominant Position •Exclusionary or exploitative conduct •>Often difficult to distinguish exclusionary conduct and procompetitive conduct (when is it predatory pricing v. just offering low prices?) •Anticompetitive effects •No offsetting of efficiencies
The PCA covers any person or entity engaged in trade, industry, and commerce in the Philippines.It also applies to international trade that may impact trade, business, industry, and commerce in the Philippines.The PCA does not apply to Collective bargaining agreements or arrangements between workers and employers, and other such activities affecting conditions of employment
Lower prices •More choices •Better quality •Greater innovation •
When it is acquired or maintained other than through competition on its merits or historical accidents •>Through agreements, conducts, and mergers and acquisitions •HENCE, in competition analysis, the market power and how it is acquired or maintained are central elements
- Parties to the merger or acquisition wherein the value of the transaction exceeds one billion pesos (P1,000,000,000.00) are prohibited from consummating their agreement until thirty (30) days after providing notification to the Commission in the form and containing the information specified in the regulations issued by the Commission: •>An agreement consummated in violation of this requirement to notify the Commission shall be considered void and subject the parties to an administrative fine of one percent (1%) to five percent (5%) of the value of the transaction. •
Conduct inquiry, investigat, and hear and decide on cases involving violations of the PCA, its implementing rules, and other competition lawsMonitor and analyze the practice of competition in markets, and issue advisory opinion, rules, and guidelines on competition matter for the effectvee enforcement of the PCAConduct, publish, and disseminate studies, reports, and other publications on competition matters to inform and guide the industry consumers
Merger or acquisition agreements that substantially prevent, restrict or lessen competition in the relevant market or in the market for goods or services as may be determined by the Commission shall be prohibited. •
Können die Landgemeinden Riehen und Bettingen auf die Bewilligungsgesuche Einfluss nehmen?
Seit wann gibt das Gesetz im Basel-Stadt?
Aufbau der Lebensmittelgesetzgebung, Seite 2
Eine Betriebsschliessung durch die Lebensmittelpolizei ist eine ernste Sache. Wann kann der Lebensmittelinspektor zu dieser Massnahme greifen?
Meldeverfahren oder nicht bei Selbständigen Unternehmensberater für einwöchige Schulung?
Meldeverfahren oder nicht bei Selbständigen Handelsreisender?
Ist Stellenwechsel bei Ausweis F und N bewilligungspflichtig?
Meldeverfahren oder nicht bei Selbständigen Schreiner für Standbau an einer Messe?
Meldeverfahren - Selbständige: Bei denen Branchen, wo schon ab 1. Tag Meldeverfahren ist, wann muss man melden?
Stellenantritt bei Ausweis F und N bewilligungspflichtig?
Wenn das Ausweis B abgelaufen ist, darf der Person weiter arbeiten?