History of Russia Questions

Police terror (use of terror and violence to force obedience and to crush opposition, the police serve to enforce the central government's policies. They do this by spying on citizens or by intimidating them. Use of brutal force and murder to achieve their goals) Indoctrination (instruction in the government's beliefs to mold people's minds, control of educating to glorify the leader and his policies and to convince all citizens that their unconditional loyalty and support are required, begins with very young children and is strongly enforced by schools) Propaganda and censorship (spread of biased information to say people to accept certain beliefs or actions, control of all mass media, no publication, film, art or music is allowed to exist without permission of the state, citizens are surrounded by false info, suggesting info is incorrect is an act of treason individuals who publish without consent must retract or be killed) Religious or ethnic persecution (created enemies of the state to Blame for things that go wrong, easily identifiable ethnic groups are subjected to campaigns of terror and violence, they may be forced to live in certain areas or are subjected to rules that apply only to them)

became czar in 1894 and continued the tradition of Russian autocracy Under his rule, Russia industrialized and changed the face of the economy (factories more than doubled, but their economy lagged behind the industrial nations of Western Europe) His most capable minister launched a program to move the country forward. To finance the buildup of Russian industries, the government sought foreign investors and raised taxes. These steps boosted the growth of heavy industry, particularly steel and in the 1900, Russia had become the world's fourth ranking producer of steel Under his rule, the Trans-Siberian Railway (the world's longest continuous rail line) began to be constructed (1891-1916) connecting European Russia in the west with Russian ports on the Pacific Ocean in the east Under his rule, the Russo-Japanese war took place. They competed for control of Korea and Manchuria. Even though the two nations signed a series of agreements, Russia broke them, and Japan retaliated by attacking the Russians at Port Arthur, Manchuria in 1904. Russia lost which sparked unrest at home and led to a revolt in the midst of the war On Bloody Sunday, he order his generals and soldier to fire on the crowd with more than 1000 wounded and several hundred dead Waves of strike and violence came after Bloody Sunday causing him to promise more freedom and approve the creation of the Duma (Russia first parliament) . They wanted to make a constitutional monarchy causing him to dissolve the Duma because he didnt want to share powerIn 1914, he brought Russia into WW1 even though they were unprepared to handle the military and economic costs. They were no match for Germany and their gunsAfter so many defeats and a year of war, over 4 million Russian soldiers had been killed, wounded, or taken prisoner. This revealed the weakness of czarist rule and military leadership In 1915, he moved his headquarters to the war front leaving his wife in control, which ended in Rasputin running the empire for a while before he was killed Soldiers began to desert and everyone wanting to end war making Nicholas incapable of tackling the problem In march of 1917, strikes took place making him abdicate his throne. A year later, him and his family were executed by revolutionaries

In 1903, was one of the two groups that Russian Marxists split into over revolutionary Was the more radical group a group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia's government in November 1917 supported a small number of committed revolutionaries willing to sacrifice everything for change their major leader was Vladimir Ilyoch Ulyanov (adopted the name of Lenin) Was the group that was willing to get their hands dirty and fight Believed in radical and elitist revolution Followed the ideas of Karl Marx

In March 1917, women textile workers in Petrograd led a citywide strike. In the next 5 days, riots lared yp over shortages of bread and fuel Nearly 200,000 workers swarmed the streets shouting"down with the Autocracy and Down with the war". At first soldiers obeyed orders to shoot the rioters but later sided with them The local protest exploded into a general uprising- the march revolution It forced Czar Nicholas II to abdicate his throne, with a year later revolutionaries executing Nicholas and his family This led to the end of a 3 century czarist rule of Romanovas. The March revolution succeeded in bringing down the czar, yet it failed to set up a strong government to replace his regime The March revolution led to the formation of the provisional government and eventually to the formation of the soviets and Lenin returning to Russia

Succeeded his father in 1881 and halted all reforms in Russia Clung to the principles of autocracy (having total power) Wiped out revolutionaries by using harsh measures like strict censorship codes one published materials and documents including private letters, having secret police carefully watch north secondary schools and universities, teachers had to send detailed reports in every student, and political prisoners were sent to Siberia Oppressed other national groups within Russia to establish a uniform Russian culture He made Russian the official language of the empire and forbade the use of minority languages Made Jews the target of persecutionA wave of pogroms happened under his rule (police and soldiers stood by and watched Russian citizens loot and destroy Jewish homes, stores, and synagogues). Was succeeded by Nicholas II in 1894

after people that were unhappy with the factories in Russia made by Russian industrialization began to grow and compete for power along with organizing strikes. A group that followed the views of Karl Marx successfully established a rolling in RussiaMarxist revolutionaries believed that the industrial class of workers would overthrow the czarThey would then form a dictatorship of the proletariat, meaning the workers would rule the country Two groups were produced that follow marx's ideas: Mensheviks (the more moderate group that wanted a broad base of popular support for the revolution/ people who would stand with signs) and the Bolsheviks (the more racial group that supported a small number of commited revolutionaries willing to sacrifice everything for change/ ones willing to get their hands dirty) Karl Marx's ideas inspired many people in Russia to revolt and put in place their own government of the workers running the government Inspired Lenin on the way to run the state but Lenin built on his theory but having one party in control His ideas caused the Bolsheviks remand their party the communist party named after Karl Marx use of communism to describe the classless socitey

was the major leader of the Bolsheviks was Vladimir Ilyoch Ulyanov, and he adopted the name of Lenin Had an engaging personality, an excellent organizer, and ruthless (this helped him gain control of the Bolsheviks)Fled to Western Europe to avoid arrest by the czarist s regime, but remained in contact and came back to Russia when it was safe Germany brought Lenin safely back to Russia in April 1917 because they believed him and his followers would stir unrest and hurt Russian war efforts against s Germany He and his followers took. Over soviets and he had the slogan "peace, land, and bread" which gained widespread appealHis Bolshevik Red guard( factory workes) took over government officials and arrested the leaders of the provisional government with the government leaders disappearing After his takeover, he ordered all farmland be distributed among peasants and gave control of factories to the workersSigned a truce (treaty of Brest-Litovsk) with GErmany to stop all fighting and surrendered a large part of its territory to Germany and its allies This caused anger among the citizens and the people began to object the Bolsheviks and their policies Under his reign, the white army attacked Hutu were defeated In 1921, Lenin he put aside state controlled economy and resorted to small scale version of capitalism called New Economic Policy were peasants were allowed to sell their surplus crops, let some small factories, business, and farmers operate under private ownership, and the governments also encouraged foreign investmentLending organized Russia into several self governing republics under the central government to keep nationalism in check (making Russia renamed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics USSR) Created a constitution based on socialist and democratic principle, but the communists party held all the power and he established a dictatorship of the Communist partyHe died in 1924 after suffering as stroke 2 years earlier and said that Stalin was dangerous and that he doesn't know how to use the power he has

#25 Lenin strengthened the __________________, created the _________ __________, seized the means of ________________ and ____________ dissidents

#27 Reds represented the Red (_______________ - _______________) Army

Lenin was the ______________ of the ____________ party.

#29 Whites were aided by ____________, ________________, and the _____. Who wanted the Russians to continue fighting the _____________.

#31 _____________ were forced to deliver surplus __________ to city workers.

#34 He borrowed a tactic from the _____________ where every _______ man in a unit that didn't perform well was __________.

#30 Because most people did not like the ________, the Whites were instrumental in rousing _____________________ feelings that led to the defeat of the _________.

#28 Whites were ___________________ _______________________ loyal to the ________.

#33 _____________ created effective Army (_________). He used rousing speeches to motivate them to ____________.

#26 Lenin became __________ for all intents and purposes.

#32 Peasant laborers forced into the ______________ or work in ______________.

#35 The ____________ considered _______________ a disgrace

#5 Food _________ and _________ prices led to ___________ and __________ riots.