History of Russia Questions

Individual creativity that did not conform to the views of the state - soviet newspapers and radio broadcasts glorified the achievements of communism, Stalin, and his economic programs

Describes a government that takes total, centralized, state control over every aspect of public and private life

was a class of wealthy peasantsWhen the USSR began to create collective farms where they would use more modern machinery and less number of workers, meaning job loss. There was resistance especially by the kulkasIt got bad enough that the soviet government decided to eliminate them

His secret police carefully watched both secondary schools a nd universities. Teachers had to send a detailed reports on every student. Political prisoners were sent to Siberia. Strict censorship on published materials and written document, including private letters

There are multiple traits that make a state a totalitarian state. One of these traits is the state control of individuals. When talking about the trait of state control of individuals it means that the state demands loyalty, denies basic liberties, and expects personal sacrifice for the good of the state. Stalin used the weapons of totalitarianism to force the state control of individuals onto Soviet society. They used police terror to enforce every rule of society and made people fear them so much that they were too afraid to ever fight back or break a rule. This would make the people completely loyal to the state. The state uses indoctrination to make everyone think what they want, which denies people the right to think what they want and believe what they want to believe. They are taking away basic liberties and essentially demanding loyalty. They use propaganda and censorship to make everyone believe what they want them to believe while also making the creators of music and films give up on their dreams. This is once again installing complete loyalty and demanding personal sacrifice for those creators. And finally, totalitarian leaders used religious and ethnic persecution to force certain ethnic groups to live in certain areas or abide by certain rules. This is denying basic liberties for these people because they can't live where they chose. Stalin used the weapons of totalitarianism to force state control of individuals into society.

A group that followed the views of Karl Marc successfully established a following in Russia. THe Marxist revolutionaries believed that the industrial class of workers would overthrow the czar. These workers would then for a dictatorship of the proletariat - the workers

a temporary government After Nicholas II left the throne and was executed, czarist rule was taken down by the march revolution There was not a strong government to replace the regiment The leaders of the Duma (Russian parliament) set up the provisional government Alexander Kerensky was the head of the provisional government, but lost support because he continued fighting in World War I Conditions worsened in Russia, peasants demanded lands, and the cities grew radical Soviets started to have more control in the cities than the provisional government did

The Bolshevik and Lenin government also signed a truce with Germany to stop all fighting in WW1 and began peace talks In March 1918, Russia and Germany signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Russia surrendered a large part of its territory to Germany and its allies They got out of WW1 8 months to soon and didn't receive anything from the Treaty of Versailles despite being on the winning side when they were in the war The humiliating terms of this treaty triggered widespread anger among many Russians. They objects to the Bolsheviks and their policies and to the murder of the Royal familyThis helped lead to the formation of the White army

In 1915, when Nicholas moved his headquarters to the war front his wife Czarina Alexandra ran the government.Instead of listening to the advisers, she listened to the influence of the mysterious Rasputin He was a self described holy man and claimed to have magical healing powers He eased Nicolas and Alexandra son Alexis's, who suffered from hemophilia, symptoms In gratitude, Alexandra allowed him to make key political decisions. He opposed reform measures and obtained powerful positions for his friends In 1916, a group of nobles murdered him because they feared his increasing role in government affairs.

was Russia's first parliament Was create by Nicholas IIWas created after Bloody Sunday in 1905 Was created to ease the waves of strikes and violence that spread across the country after Bloody Sunday First met in May 1906 Leaders of the Duma wanted to make Russia a constitutional monarchy Was disbanded after 10 weeks by Nicholas II because he didn't want to share his power

The bolshevik overthrew the provisional government but were opposed by many other groups

In 1903, was one of the two groups that Russian Marxists split into over revolutionary tactics Was the more moderate group Wanted a broad base of popular support for the revolutionSupported a more progressive change in collaboration with the middle class and the bourgeoisie Followed the ideas of Karl Marx

plans outlined by Joseph Stalin in 1928 for the development of the Soviet Union's economy Set impossibly high quotas, or numerical goals, to increase the output of steel, coal, oil, and electricity He wanted more machinery, more steel production, new factories, more oil production, and more electrical power plantsOverall goal was to catch up to the economies in other countries in 10 years

White army made of groups that supported the return to rule by the czar, others who wanted democratic government, and even socialist who opposed Lenin style of socialism

On Jan 22, 1905, about 200,000 workers and their families approached the czar's WInter Palace in St. PetersburgThey Carrie's a petition asking for better working conditions, more personal freedom, and an elected national legislature Nichola II's generals order soldiers to fire on the crowd and more than 1,000 people were wounded and several hundred were killedIt was then named Bloody Sunday It provoked a wave of stickies and violence that spread across the country Because of Bloody Sundar, Nicholas II promised more freedom and created the Duma- Russia's first parliament (it was disbanded after 10 weeks because Nicholas unwillingness to share power)

The humiliating terms of this treaty triggered widespread anger among many Russians. They objected to the Bolsheviks and their policies and to the murder of the royal family

a campaign of terror in the Soviet Union during the 1930s, in which Joseph Stalin sought to eliminate all COmmunist Party members and other citizens who threatened his power In 1937, Stalin turned against members of the Communist PartyThousand of old Bolsheviks who helped stage the Revolution in 1917 stood trial They were executed or sent to labor camps for crimes against the Soviet state When the Great purge ended in 1938, Stalin had gained total control of the Soviet government and the Communist Party Historians estimate that during this time he was responsible for 8 million to 13 million deaths

Police terror (use of terror and violence to force obedience and to crush opposition, the police serve to enforce the central government's policies. They do this by spying on citizens or by intimidating them. Use of brutal force and murder to achieve their goals) Indoctrination (instruction in the government's beliefs to mold people's minds, control of educating to glorify the leader and his policies and to convince all citizens that their unconditional loyalty and support are required, begins with very young children and is strongly enforced by schools) Propaganda and censorship (spread of biased information to say people to accept certain beliefs or actions, control of all mass media, no publication, film, art or music is allowed to exist without permission of the state, citizens are surrounded by false info, suggesting info is incorrect is an act of treason individuals who publish without consent must retract or be killed) Religious or ethnic persecution (created enemies of the state to Blame for things that go wrong, easily identifiable ethnic groups are subjected to campaigns of terror and violence, they may be forced to live in certain areas or are subjected to rules that apply only to them)

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) -one party totalitarian system

one of the local representatives councils formed in Russia after the downfall of Czar Nicholas IIWere local councils consisting of workers, peasants, and soldiers In many cities, the soviets had more influence than the provisional government Socialist revolutionaries, competing for power, formed soviets They emerged as inclusive bodies to lead workers, and to organize strikes and to politically and militarily fight the government of Russian empire mainly through direct action with the primary actors being non totalitarian leftist, including socialist revolutionaries and anarchists as Lenin's party was a minority Soviets were formed because Russian conditions worsened, angry peasants demanded lands, and and workers grew more radical