Genetics Questions

Most people in the United States want to marry someone whose educational background and income level is similar to their own. The extent to which this has become an issue in determining who to marry has become greater since the rise of women in the workforce. This is an example of _____ mating.a. randomb. inbredc. positive assortatived. negative assortative

A researcher is studying a new gene in humans. In her sample population, she determines that the GD value for her locus of interest is 0. What can she conclude?a. The gene she is studying plays no role in determining any human phenotype.b. The gene she is studying must be G6PD.c. The gene she is studying has only one allele in her sample population.d. The gene she is studying has two alleles in her sample population.

Consider a population with the size N, in the generation t + 1. What is the probability that the second allele we pick will be a different copy from the first allele?a. 1 - 1/(2N)b. (1/2)nc. N − 1d. 1/(2N)

The homozygous recessive yellow-head allele has a frequency of 0.25 in neotropical swallowtail butterflies. If the average inbreeding coefficient in the butterflies is 0.065, calculate the frequency of yellow-headed individuals in the next generation.a. 0.012b. 0.075c. 0.25d. 0.0625

A scientist is evaluating the same region in two homologous chromosomes in mice. She knows that the Dand T gene loci are in this chromosome region and that the mice have D, D, T, and t alleles, that are homozygous dominant for D and heterozygous for T. How many haplotypes are possible in these mice?a. fourb. eightc. sixd. two

What is the probability that two alleles in an offspring from a mating between two half-siblings are identical by descent? Assume the common ancestor of the parents has an inbreeding coefficient of 0.a. 1/8b. 1/16c. 1/4d. 1/2

When there is complete inbreeding, F is equal to _____.a. 1b. 2c. 0d. 0.5

Which of these is NOT a type of bias in mate choice that violates the assumption of random mating?a. population structureb. isolation by distancec. inbreedingd. assortative mating

SNPs within protein-coding regions are _____ if the different alleles encode the same amino acid.a. nonsenseb. synonymousc. nonsynonymousd. silent

You have a blood sample from a crime scene. The microsatellite alleles are A4/A6 at the A locus and B8/B15 at the B locus. The allele frequencies of the alleles in the population are as follows: A4 = 0.3 A6 = 0.5 B8 = 0.45 B15 = 0.25 What is the probability of having this genotype in the general population?a. 0.0338b. 0.0169c. 0.675d. 0.0675

When N is large, F _____ over time. When N is small, F _____ over time.a. increases slowly; increases rapidlyb. decreases slowly; decreases rapidlyc. increases slowly; decreases rapidlyd. decreases slowly; increases rapidly

This equation informs us that F will _____ over time as a function of _____. Ft + 1 = (1/(2N))1 + (1 − 1/(2N))Ft.a. decrease; population sizeb. increase; population sizec. decrease; level of inbreedingd. increase; level of inbreeding

A researcher has two mouse populations in his laboratory. He knows that r, the recombination frequency, in mouse population 1 is 0.2, and r in mouse population 2 is 0.5. What can he conclude about D in these two mouse populations?a. D will be declining in both populations but more slowly in population 2.b. D will be declining in both populations but more slowly in population 1.c. D will be increasing in population 2 but decreasing in population 1.d. D will be increasing in population 1 but decreasing in population 2.

The amount that risk increases depends on two factors:a. (1) the frequency of the deleterious allele in the population and (2) the degree of inbreeding.b. (1) the frequency of the deleterious allele in the population and (2) generation time.c. (1) the population size and (2) generation time.d. (1) the population size and (2) the degree of inbreeding.

A researcher is studying two linked loci in a population of rabbits. In the current generation, these loci demonstrate a D of 0.30. If the researcher knows that the recombination frequency between these two loci is 0.25, what can he conclude about the D value of these loci in the next rabbit generation?a. D = 0.23b. D = 0.30c. D = 0.075d. D = 0

A researcher is studying a single duck gene with two alleles, B and b. She samples ducks from five populations, each of which appears isolated and tends to stay near a unique body of water. Using the Hardy-Weinberg law, the researcher predicts that she will observe 100 ducks with the b/b genotype out of all of the ducks she samples. However, she is surprised to find that 220 ducks demonstrate the b/bgenotype. This is likely due to _____ in the duck species.a. positive assortativeb. disassortative matingc. population structured. negative assortative mating

Imagine you are a scientist studying an X-linked trait determined by two alleles of the same gene, H and h, in a human population. You have determined that in women, fH/H = 0.16 and fh/h = 0.36. Using this information, what can you conclude about frequency of the Y/H genotype in men?a. fY/H = 0.6b. fY/H = 0.16c. fY/H = 0.36d. fY/H = 0.4

Which of these is NOT an advantage of self-pollination?a. If an individual plant has a beneficial combination of alleles at different loci, inbreeding preserves that combination.b. When a single seed is dispersed to a new location, the plant that grows from the seed has a ready mate—itself.c. The stigma of an S1/S2 heterozygote will not allow pollen grains carrying either an S1 or S2 allele to germinate and fertilize its ovules.d. Self-pollination can be accomplished more easily than outcrossing.

Individuals often have different microsatellite alleles because microsatellites exhibit:a. a low mutation rate.b. a high mutation rate.c. a high rate of transcription.d. no mutations.

Besides single nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellites, which of these do NOT provide genetic variation within a population?a. inductionsb. duplicationsc. translocationsd. deletions