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16. A theoretical orientation is best described as:a. a rigid framework that provides specific steps of how to conduct a counseling session.b. a set of general guidelines that counselors can use to make sense of what they are hearing and what needs tochange.c. a conceptualization of the intrapsychic structures that dictate a client's behavior.d. a set of techniques that can be used to promote behavioral changes.
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- 27. Some practitioners may over-diagnose, under-diagnose, or misdiagnose clients from marginalized groups. In order toavoid these issues, counselors need to:a. carefully consider all aspects of clients' culture without considering clients' past and present lifecircumstances.b. carefully consider the clients' past and present life circumstances only.c. carefully consider the clients' decisions in life with no regard of culture.d. carefully consider all aspects of clients' culture in conjunction with clients' past and present life circumstances.
- 2. Practicing counseling without an explicit theoretical rationale is somewhat like:a. driving a car with a GPS device.b. trying to sail a boat without a rudder.c. flying a plane without a co-pilot.d. taking a train ride.
- 18. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding evidence-based practice?a. It is synonymous with the term "empirically-supported treatments."b. Psychodynamic therapy falls under the category of evidence-based practice.c. Therapeutic interventions that are not considered "evidence-based practices" are unethical.d. Clinical practice should not be based on the best available research.