Cell Biology Questions

Proteins are built from carbons that can come directly from

Fermentation is a process that occursA). in response to high levels of oxygen.B). in the mitochondrion.C). only in microorganisms.D). in muscle tissue when there is an insufficient supply of oxygen.E). n the absence of both NAD+ and NADH.

What is the cellular location of the citric acid cycle?

The reaction equation that represents the chemical change resulting from glycolysis followed by alcoholic fermentation is C6H12O6 → 2 C2H6O + 2 CO2 + _______ ATP; the reaction equation that represents the chemical change resulting from glycolysis followed by cellular respiration is C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + _______ ATP + 6 _______.

What amount of free energy is released by the oxidation of 2 moles of NADH?

When a person runs for an extended period of time, the main source of glucose for muscle cells comes from the breakdown of glycogen in the

Electrons are shuttled from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to the respiratory chain via

What is the cellular location of glycolysis in eukaryotes?A). MitochondriaB). NucleusC). Cell membraneD). LysosomeE). Cytoplasm

Refer to the figure. Some of the chemical energy present in pyruvate is harvested during an oxidation-reduction process taking place in the multistep reaction shown in the figureIn which molecule is this harvested chemical energy stored?A). Coenzyme AB). CO2C). NADHD0. NAD+E). Pyruvate

Molecules A and B contain 110 kcal/mol of free energy, and molecules B and C contain 150 kcal/mol of energy. A and B are converted to C and D. What can be concluded?-A and B will be converted to C and D with a net release of energy.-The reaction that proceeds to convert A and B to C and D is endergonic; the products are more organized than the reactants.-The conversion of A and B to C and D is exergonic; the products are less organized than the reactants.-The entropy in the products, C and D, is higher than in the reactants, A and B.-The conversion of A and B to C and D is spontaneous.

The carbon-containing molecule that enters glycolysis differs from the one that enters the citric acid cycle. How do the numbers of carbon atoms per molecule compare in these two cases?

Which is an example of a negative allosteric regulator of glycolysis or the citric acid cycle?

Which is required for wine production?A). Plant cells devoid of sugarB). Lactic acid fermentation from glucoseC). An aerobic environmentD). Yeast and a source of glucoseE). Purified chloroplasts only

Refer to the figure.Five statements about energy metabolism in cells are given. Which statement can be used to explain the importance of the process shown in the figure?A). Oxidation of molecules from glucose is coupled to reduction of oxygen, which allows for controlled release of energy in a form that the cell can use.B). Anabolic and catabolic metabolic pathways are regulated, usually at the first committed step of each pathway.C). The free energy of electron transport is coupled to ATP synthesis using a proton concentration gradient.D). ATP produced by exergonic reactions supplies the free energy needed to drive many endergonic reactions in the cell.E). Under anaerobic conditions, NAD+ is regenerated for continued use in glycolysis by either lactic acid or alcoholic fermentation reactions.

Which sequence represents a possible path of a carbon atom as it moves through a catabolic series of reactions in a cell?

The cell harvests a very large amount of free energy from glucose in the form of ATP. Which statement can be used as part of an explanation about how the cell accomplishes this harvesting process with high efficiency (i.e., with very little loss in energy as heat)?

Isocitrate dehydrogenase is considered a main control point in the citric acid cycle because it is

Refer to the figure.From the results shown, it can be concluded that the majority of alanine ingested just before exercise is

Which class of molecules is derived from intermediates in the citric acid cycle?

Organisms regulate certain metabolic enzymes in cells in order to maintain