Anatomy Questions
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Needed for synthesis of collagen, the main bone protein; deficiency leads to decreased collagen production, which slows down bone growth and delays repair of broken bones
A partial fracture in which one side of the bone is broken and the other side bends; occurs only in children, whose bones are not fully ossified and contain more organic material than inorganic material
Secreted by the liver, bones, and other tissues on stimulation by growth hormone; promotes normal bone growth by stimulating osteoblasts and by increasing the synthesis of proteins needed to build new bone
____________ ossification replaces cartilage with bone in the developing embryo and fetus
The bone is splintered, crushed, or broken into pieces at the site of impact, and smaller bone fragments lie between the two main fragments
Needed for synthesis of bone proteins; deficiency leads to abnormal protein production in bone extracellular matrix and decreased bone density
Active form (calcitriol) is produced by the kidneys; helps build bone by increasing absorption of calcium from digestive canal into blood; deficiency causes faulty calcification and slows down bone growth; may reduce the risk of osteoporosis but is toxic if taken in high doses; people who have minimal exposure to ultraviolet rays or do not take vitamin D supplements may not have sufficient vitamin D to absorb calcium; this interferes with calcium metabolism
Activates enzymes involved in synthesis of bone extracellular matrix
Formation of a fibrocartilage callus first and a bony callus second
The end of a long bone furthest from the center of the body
The vertebral body of one or more vertebrae fractures and becomes compressed into a wedge-shape; may be causes by injury, trauma, or more commonly in individuals with osteoporosis
Thin membrane lining the medullary cavity
Connective tissue surrounding the diaphysis
Minerals salts, calcium, phosphate, and calcium hydroxide combine to form crystals called
What type of cartilage covers both ends of the epiphysis?
Cell type: bone-building cells that secrete matrix; initiate calcification
The end of a long bone closest to the center of the body
Cell type: remodel bones and cause them to release calcium; bone resorption
What type of bone does intramembranous ossification occur in when a connective tissue membrane is replaced by bone?
Endochondral ossification can occur in the epiphyseal plates of ____ bones as they grow in length