Anatomy Questions

Secreted by the thyroid gland; inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts

Secreted by the pancreas; promotes normal bone growth by increasing the synthesis of bone proteins

Bone resorption outpaces formation, 80% of those affected are women

Inadequate calcification of extracellular bone matrix. Rickets affects children and leads to bowed legs and deformations in skull, rib cage or pelvis. Osteomalacia affects adults and causes painful/tender bones and fractures with minor trauma

As the level of sex hormones diminishes during middle age to older adulthood, especially in women after menopause, bone resorption by osteoclasts outpaces bone deposition by osteoblasts, which leads to a decrease in bone mass and an increased risk of osteoporosis

Supplies periosteum; (accompanied by nerves) enter the diaphysis through Volkmann's canals; they are accompanied by periosteal veins

Found in spaces called lacunae; communicate through canaliculi filled with extracellular fluid that connect one cell to the next cell

Concentric rings (lamellae) of calcified matrix surrounding a vertically oriented blood vessel

Infection of bone often caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Enters through nutrient foramen; supplies compact bone of diaphysis and red marrow; enters the center of the diaphysis through a nutrient foramen; nutrient veins exit via the same canal

Supply red marrow & bone tissue of epiphyses; have their own arteries and veins

Degeneration of articular cartilage, leads to friction of bone against bone

Weight-bearing activities stimulate osteoblasts and, consequently, help build thicker, stronger bones and retard loss of bone mass that occurs as people age

Bone cancer that primarily affects osteoblasts

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes general growth of all body tissues, including bone, mainly by stimulating production of insulin-like growth factors

Needed for the activity of osteoblasts during remodeling of bone; deficiency stunts bone growth; toxic in high doses

A partial fracture in which one side of the bone is broken and the other side bends; occurs only in children, whose bones are not fully ossified and contain more organic material than inorganic material

Needed for synthesis of collagen, the main bone protein; deficiency leads to decreased collagen production, which slows down bone growth and delays repair of broken bones

Fracture of the distal end of the lateral forearm bone (radius) in which the distal fragment is displaced posteriorly

One end of the fractured bone is forcefully driven into the interior of the other