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You are currently carrying the sweet tea pitcher to your tables. You finished refilling the tea for your tables and you still have half of a pitcher left. What should you do with the rest of the tea?A large party of guests are putting their to-go order. What should be the first question that you ask?Imagine 4 bronchioles that originate from the same airway. Each bronchiole has a resistance of 4 resistance units. Based on your understanding of the functional consequences of airway branching, what is the likely total resistance of the 4 bronchioles? a. 1 resistance unit b. 4 resistance units c. 16 resistance units d. It cannot be determined.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disease with a variable mix of airway inflammation (bronchitis) and lung parenchyma destruction (emphysema). As you might guess from its name, COPD is characterized by increased airway resistance. Which of the following factors contributes to the increased airway resistance in COPD? a. Decreased mucus production. b. Loss of lateral tissue traction. c. Increased intraalveolar compression. d. Increased sympathetic stimulation.An instantaneous and simultaneous increase in cardiac afterload and preload is likely to result in: a. an increase in cardiac output. b. an increase in blood pressure. c. a decrease in heart rate. d. cannot be determined.A busser is working the shift. A table has just left. As a server you have caught up with all your tables. What is the next thing you should do?The United States withdrew because it wasn't winning and faced tremendous domestic pressure from citizens who opposed american involvement in the war.A customer has complained about the echo in the party room. How should you respond?Consider the pressure/volume relationships for the chest wall and lungs. Under what conditions are the recoil forces of the chest and lungs the same magnitude but opposite direction? a. When a pneumothorax occurs. b. At functional residual capacity. c. At residual volume d. That never happens.A woman has diastolic and systolic blood pressures of 70, and 120 mm Hg, respectively. Her pulse pressure is close to: a. 50 mm Hg b. 87 mm Hg c. 95 mm Hg d. 103 mm HgA member of the UK swim team decides to use a snorkel to improve her competition time. After a few laps around the pool, she feels more "winded" than normal. A probable cause of this is: a. decreased anatomical dead space. b. decreased area for gas exchange. c. increased airway resistance. d. increased ventilation/perfusion ratio.The hemoglobin dissociation curve shifts to the right under certain conditions, for example when blood Pco2 increases. This shift means that: a. The P50 decreases. b. Affinity for O2 increases. c. O2 diffusion decreases. d. More O2 is unloaded.Adrenergic stimulation stimulates the calcium pumps in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of ventricular cardiomyocytes. This effect will: a. decrease calcium influx. b. lengthen the action potential. c. decrease calcium release. d. shorten their contractions.In what metabolic reaction is most of the O2 provided by the respiratory system used? a. O2 is reduced to water. b. O2 reduces glucose to CO2. c. O2 regulates intracellular pH. d. O2 is used to produce lactic acid.The total resistance in a vascular bed with vessels of the same diameter and length arranged in series is: a. not affected by autonomic factors. b. inversely proportional to the number of vessels. c. less than each individual resistance. d. more than each individual resistance.Which of the following is one way the sympathetic nervous system influences cardiac function? a. It slows the pacemaker current. b. It decreases end-diastolic volume. c. It has a negative inotropic effect. d. It has a positive chronotropic effect.Which of the following is a function of the respiratory system? a. It increases the production of angiotensin 1. b. It participates in the regulation of aldosterone secretion. c. It serves to generate positive inspiratory pressures. d. It regulates the concentration of metabolic acids in blood.The resistance of the conducting airways is influenced by all of the following, except: a. autonomic activity. b. lateral tissue traction. c. endocrine/paracrine factors. d. venous compliance.According to Poiseuille's law, if the hematocrit increases, vascular resistance: a. decreases. b. increases. c. does not change. d. cannot be determined.Which of the following is true about type 2 alveolar cells? a. Their cilia move foreign particles. b. They are not very abundant. c. They produce pulmonary surfactant. d. All the answers are correct.
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