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All of the following were American authors creating distinctively American literature EXCEPTIn order to practice his philosophy of withdrawing from society to live a simple life, Henry David Thoreau built a small cabinGreat Societyfounded on the idea that federal expansion would strengthen American society by helping all citizens reach their potential. By expanding the reach of the federal government this way, Johnson reinforced the liberal ideological underpinnings of the Democratic Party.Liberty and Free Soil PartiesDuring Civil warSoil party absorbed Liberty Both wanted no slaveryspecial interesta term with negative connotations that is more frequently used during campaign season to suggest that some groups exert a disproportionate amount of power in the American democracy. To the extent that a well-funded interest group can more easily pressure the government to produce policies that are beneficial to its members, government responds unequally across all citizens. In this view, financial advantage creates an artificial imbalance of influence that acts as a gate against equality.Service Employees International Union (SEIU) and environmental groups such as the Sierra Club are generally supportive of the Democratic PartyA former slave, __________ __________ founded an antislavery newspaper and wrote his autobiography.Edgar Allan Poe's most famous poem, which established him as a major literary figure, wasleadership accountability, membership outreach, financial stability, and public influence.1.) material benefits: such as direct monetary benefits from policies that the group advocates, discounts on travel or prescriptions, and even monthly magazines. 2.) Solidary benefits:are less tangible. They range from the simple pleasure of being surrounded by people with similar interests and perspectives to the networking benefits of interacting with people who share professional or personal concerns. 3.) Expressive benefits: are the least tangible in that they consist of having a specific opinion expressed in the larger social or political sphere. When individuals join a group, they know that their viewpoint is being actively represented in the policy system, and that knowledge can be gratifying all by itself.American Bar Association (lawyers), the American Medical Association (doctors), and the American International Automobile Dealers Association (car dealers).1.) First, state laws govern party ballot access—literally, who can actually get on the primary election ballot. The relationship between elite state party members and state legislators is very close, so the party controls the gate by determining how open or restrictive ballot access is for candidates seeking to run for office on the party label.2.) Second, although party organizations remain technically neutral during the primary election season, they can steer donors toward their preferred candidates and away from candidates who do not agree with their goals.the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Department of Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1966 These acts gave the federal government strong enforcement powers to guarantee African Americans the fullest extent of the civil rights afforded to every American and served as a key gateway for full political participation by African Americans.("friend of the court") to record their opinions when they are not directly involved with a suitwin elections in order to control governmental power and implement its policies; this fundamental goal distinguishes parties from interest groups, who also seek to influence electoral outcomes but do not formally run candidates for office.working on Capitol Hill, working in the executive branch, or working on a political campaign.National Education Association (NEA)3.0Service Employees International Union (SEIU)2.0American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME)1.6American Federation of Teachers (AFT)1.6International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT)1.4United Food and Commercial Works International Union (UFCW)1.3Federalist (Faded away )Anti-federalist---> Democratic Republicans------> DemocratsFrom the Anit-Jackson Democratic Republicans----> Republicans----> WhigsNational Association of Manufacturers, the Chamber of Commerce, the National Retail Federation, and the Semiconductor Industry Association.Economic interest groupsTheir membership bases tend to be exclusive because their purpose is to secure tangible economic benefits for themselves; if they grow too large or too inclusive, members' benefits are necessarily diluted. However, if the underlying industries represented by these groups disappear or merge with others, the groups have to adapt in order to attract new members.
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