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The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act forbade theremoval or demoting of some public servants for political reasons and allowed for theselection of certain personnel through competitive examinations rather than connectionsto political figures.
Bell: Alexander Graham Bell ismost well known for inventing the telephone. He came to the U.S as a teacher of thedeaf, and conceived the idea of "electronic speech" while visiting his hearing-impairedmother in Canada.
Carnegie had amassed businessinterests in iron works, steamers on the Great Lakes, railroads, and oil wells.
A lynching is the public killing of an individual who has not receivedany due process. These executions were often carried out by lawless mobs, thoughpolice officers did participate, under the pretext of justice.
Thomas Jefferson referred to the peaceful transfer of power between theFederalists and the Democratic-Republicans as the
Henry Bessemer developed the firstprocess for manufacturing steel inexpensively (1856), leading to the development of theBessemer converter.
The Interstate Commerce Act addressed the problemof railroad monopolies by setting guidelines for how the railroads could do business. The actbecame law with the support of both major political parties and pressure groups from allregions of the country
The "boss" of Tammany Hall, William Tweed, was a significant figurein New York City politics in the middle of the 1800s. Tweed rose through a number of localpositions by the late 1850s, serving as a volunteer firefighter, school commissioner, countyboard of supervisors member, and street commissioner.
Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537, was a landmarkU.S. Supreme Court decision ruling that racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S.Constitution as long as the facilities for each race were equal in quality, a doctrine thatcame to be known as "separate but equal
Thomas Nast popularized the Republican elephant and the Democraticdonkey as party symbols. He also turned the Tammany tiger, the logo of a New Yorkfirefighting organization connected to the Tammany Ring, into a representation of violent anddestructive political corruption.
The poll tax was essentially a lay subsidy, a tax onthe movable property of most of the population, to help fund war. It had first been leviedin 1275 and continued under different names until the 17th century. People were taxed apercentage of the assessed value of their movable goods.
The EU's ____________ requires that several rivers in Europe must undergo major restoration by 2015
Benjamin "Pap" Singleton was an American activist andbusinessman best known for his role in establishing African American settlements inKansas. A former slave from Tennessee who escaped to freedom in Ontario, Canada in1846.
Deprived of much oftheir land by force removal westwards. Forced to live on reservationsThe process ofadapting or adjusting to the culture of a group or nation.
The Compromise of 1877 was an informalagreement between southern Democrats and allies of the Republican Rutherford Hayesto settle the result of the 1876 presidential election and marked the end of theReconstruction era.
In the South they were used to prevent African Americans fromregistering to vote. The Voting Rights Act ended the use of literacy tests in the South in1965 and the rest of the country in 1970.
The fraudulent manipulation of contracts by a construction and financecorporation involved in the Union Pacific Railroad construction (1865-1869) is known as theCrédit Mobilier Scandal in American history. This episode made Crédit Mobilier of America asymbol of corruption following the Civil War.
Greenpeace, Oceana, and Seas At Risk are three ____ that are working to protect ecosystems
Precipitation known as _________ results from moisture combining with air polluted with acidic chemicals
to deprive a franchise, of a legal right, or of someprivilege or immunity. especially : to deprive the right to vote. disenfranchising the poorand elderly.

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