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What is the G protein of the 2nd messenger cascade for RODS

They can have ___ synapses w on-center ganglion cells (____)They can have ____ synapses with off-center ganglion cells (____)

Amacrine cells have ____ generation

Since GABA is inhibitory, less of it onto central cone causes central cone to be ___ (____). This is the opposite effect of the center pathway, which hyperpolarizes the center cone... REMEMBER THIS MEANS MORE ___ CURRENT

structure of the brain responsible for conscious thought

This is the indirect or lateral (<--->) pathways to ganglion cells. Mediate ___ response, on or off

this lobe integates autonomic information

Photoreceptor always releases ___ glutamate when light sines on center of receptive fieldBipolar cell will ____ in response based on what receptors it has (if have inhibitory receptors, less glutamate, less inhibition, so activation and fires to ganglion cell) (If have ionotropic, less glutamate, less excitation, release less NT onto ganglion cell)

Rods correspond to ___ vision, while cones correspond to ___ vision

Indirect pathway is how it would respond if center of the field was in the ____

intrafusal fibers that are thicker than the chair, fast stretch, and extend beyond capsule

If have ring of light that shines on every photoreceptor on surrounding field, would produce massive ____

Remember fovea has all cones, so what wld a normal fovea look like

Remember, even though glutamate is considered excitatory, it has metabotropic receptors that could be . inhibitory

Direct or vertical pathways to ganglion cells ___ center response on or off

Photons go through cornea and lens and try to make their way to photoreceptors, but photoreceptors are ____ among the rest of the layers! But get best vision when all those layers are ___ ____ to get most direct access to light

The direct (vertical) pathway occurs when light hits the ___ of the receptive field, and the indirect (lateral) pathway occurs when light hits the ___ of receptive field

The ganglion cell receptive field is the area of the retina that the ganglion cell ____ to

100% of center activated by light/hyperpolarized by light, will lead to maximum ___ firing to ganglion cell

Light shining in center of the field should lead to ____ cell getting turned on, firing more AP

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