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0/1Question 74In the cotton-growing regions of the South, which of the following was true of the gang-labor system of work?No answer provideda. It allowed slaves to work individually and at their own pace.b. Gang-labor depended upon the work of white overseers and black drivers.c. The labor system was primarily used on plantations with twenty or fewer slaves.d. The system controlled slave laborers without the use of violent discipline or punishment.
0/1Question 30In his 1829 pamphlet, An Appeal . . . to the Colored Citizens of the World, David Walker did which of the following?No answer provideda. He urged slaves not to rebel but to seek comfort in their relationships and religious activities instead.b. He appealed to the religious consciences of slaveholders to recognize slavery as being morally wrong.c. He justified slave rebellion and warned white Americans that violence and retribution would come if justice were delayed.d. He approved of colonization programs to establish an African republic for freed American slaves.
0/1Question 79Which of these groups accounted for the largest percentage of the white population in the mid-nineteenth-century Cotton South?No answer provideda. Middling plantersb. Yeoman farmersc. Tenant farmers and day laborersd. Plantation owners
0/1Question 83Which of the following statements describes the relationship between the economies of the North and the South in the mid-nineteenth century?No answer provideda. Southerners' wealth in slaves made the South's economy ten times stronger than the North's.b. The wealth of the industrializing Northeast was increasing more quickly than that of the South.c. Both the South and the North had equally strong economies in 1860.d. The economy of the North was stronger and more prosperous than that of the South.
0/1Question 85Which of the following examples embodied the synthesis of African and American culture that existed in the South in the 1850s?No answer provideda. Sexual relations between slave women and their mastersb. The success of slave resistancec. Black evangelical Christianityd. Black and white children playing together
0/1Question 87Many African American slaves who converted to Christianity compared themselves to which of the following groups?No answer provideda. Mormonsb. Native Americansc. The Irishd. Jews
0/1Question 70Which of the following statements characterizes the planter elite of the Upper South in the early and mid-1800s?No answer provideda. Rice planters, in particular, valued Jeffersonian republican simplicity.b. Tidewater planters frequently questioned the morality of the domestic slave trade.c. Many elite planters considered themselves benevolent masters.d. Planters' embrace of republicanism weakened plantation aristocracy.
0/1Question 76Smallholding planters in the nineteenth-century South owned about how many slaves, on average?No answer provideda. Noneb. One to fivec. Fifteen to twentyd. Eight to ten
0/1Question 78Which of these factors created a major economic obstacle for small, family farmers aiming to improve their lot in the mid-nineteenth-century South?No answer provideda. The cotton revolutionb. Poor distribution networksc. Competition from immigrant labord. Export taxes on their products
0/1Question 72Which of these statements describes the planter aristocrats who lived in the cotton-growing regions of the South in the mid-nineteenth century?No answer provideda. Aristocratic planters took the lead in defending slavery as a benevolent social system.b. Cotton-planting aristocrats increasingly avoided interference in the lives of their slaves.c. Planter aristocrats in the Cotton Belt emphasized the hypocrisy of their Chesapeake counterparts.d. Cotton planters consciously rejected the luxurious lifestyles adopted by the rice-growing aristocracy.
0/1Question 82The Alabama Constitution of 1819 did which of the following?No answer provideda. Apportioned state legislative seats on the basis of a county's wealthb. Made county supervisors and sheriffs elected positionsc. Gave all taxpaying white men the right to voted. Eliminated the use of the secret ballot
0/1Question 81What prevented planter elites from exercising complete political dominance over the Cotton South in the 1830s and 1840s?No answer provideda. The Cotton Revolution increased resentment on the part of poor whites toward planters' power and position.b. Plantation management required so much of their time that many planters had to refrain from political service.c. The emergence of a new class of wealthy industrial elites in the South checked their power.d. They lived in a republican society with democratic institutions that elicited input from all white men.
0/1Question 84What prevented white southerners from working to diversify their economy in the nineteenth century?No answer provideda. Southerners did not want to exploit white workers economically.b. Wealthy planters believed that the plantation economy would continue to produce wealth indefinitely.c. Wealthy southern investors believed agricultural labor was more virtuous than industrial labor.d. Southerners resisted railroad construction because they believed it would divide large landholdings.
0/1Question 77Which of the following statements describes the class of propertyless whites living in the South in the mid-nineteenth century?No answer provideda. Planters courted their loyalty by providing gifts and small favors to their families.b. Propertyless whites were free but lived in conditions worse than that of many slaves.c. Propertyless whites directly benefited from the institution of slavery.d. They worked hard physical jobs as day laborers and enjoyed little respect from other whites.
0/1Question 66Why was the domestic slave trade crucial to the southern economy?No answer provideda. The trade encouraged thousands of free blacks to move to the Lower South.b. It provided a new source of income for Virginians who had abandoned tobacco cultivation.c. The trade provided tens of thousands of new workers to build plantations.d. The trade provided Native American slaves to the southern economy.
0/1Question 80Why did the United States decline to annex Texas in 1837?No answer provideda. Texans refused to legalize slavery, which was the only condition on which southern politicians would accept Texan statehood.b. The U.S. Congress refused annexation because it did not want to assume Texas' large Mexican population.c. President Van Buren could not convince the Whig-dominated Senate to accept the treaty.d. President Van Buren feared that annexation would spark an American civil war over the issue of slavery.
0/1Question 73The notion of slavery as a "necessary evil" and a "positive good" was supported by which idea?No answer provideda. In a slave-owning society, every free man is an aristocrat.b. Slavery gave whites the psychological satisfaction of knowing they ranked above blacks.c. Whites educated and Christianized slaves in return for their love, labor, and loyalty.d. Slavery allowed a civilized lifestyle for whites and cared for genetically inferior blacks.
0/1Question 64The cotton boom that began in the 1810s set which of the following results in motion?No answer provideda. The beginnings of a manumission movement in the Southb. A wave of European immigration to the Southc. The redistribution of the African American populationd. An increase in the legal importation of slaves
0/1Question 71Which of these statements describes Southern rice planters of the mid-nineteenth century?No answer provideda. Rice planters occupied the bottom rung of the plantation aristocracy.b. They lived only in the Upper South.c. They were at the apex of the plantation aristocracy.d. Rice planters avoided selling slaves or working slaves harshly.
0/1Question 59Which of the following characterizes the plantation labor system of the southern cotton industry?No answer provideda. Immigrants formed an important subgroup of southern plantation laborers.b. Native Americans formed an important subgroup of southern plantation laborers.c. African American slaves were unable to escape the labor system due to planter violence.d. African American slaves worked from sunup to sundown all year long.

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