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Extended plot summaries or descriptions are usually strong uses of evidence.Described that organisms change over time (evolve) due to differences in their ability to survive in reproduce.The social sciences are all those disciplines that study: A. the human, or social, world. B. the physical universe. C. communication. D. the natural world.What does Max Weber mean when he says that modern people are trapped in an "iron cage"? A. More and more people live under totalitarian dictators and so lose basic rights and freedoms. B. Increasingly, we live and work in smaller and smaller physical locations, as if crammed in a cage. C. Increasingly, modern society has more laws and uses them to incarcerate more people in prison. D. Most aspects of life are increasingly controlled through rigid rules and rationalization.Jane Addams was an early advocate of applied sociology. As a result, she did not just do research, she also: A. tried to address the problems she researched through hands-on activity in the communities that she researched. B. reported illegal activities to the proper authorities. C. wrote extensively on the communities that she researched. D. compared the communities that she studied to communities from others cultures. E. examined the hstorical origins of the phenomena that she researched.Hypothesized that Earth's surface has been changing slowly over time due to processes that still occur today, and thus the Earth must be very old.According to Karl Marx, how is class consciousness, or revolutionary consciousness, developed? A. when a vanguard party leads a violent revolution B. when the lower classes come to recognize how society works and challenge those in power. C. through the further development of false consciousness D. through a religious awakeningDescribed that organisms change over time (evolve) due to acquired characteristics.Sociology allows you to see the world in a new light. Does this mean you have to reevaluate old opinions? A. sometimes, but only if you got most of your information from mass media B. no C. yes D. only on certain subjectsTogether and in groups people organize their lives and their social interactions to produce a real and meaningful world. Sociologists can study this because: A. they are interested in all aspects of human psychology. B. sociology understands the importance of human psychology. C. doing sociology is a radical undertaking. D. such organization is done in patterned ways.Unlike earlier religious traditions, which attempted to determine the ultimate cause or source of reality, Auguste Comte developed positivism in order to: A. justify a particular kind of social system based on hierarchy and privilege. B. identify laws that describe the behavior of a particular reality. C. explain how class conflict drove social change. D. argue that symbolic interactions between individuals were the basis for social life.Unlike sociologists, most people base their knowledge of the world on: A. the opinions of their parents and other family members. B. expert knowledge based on surveys and interviews. C. conventional wisdom, background knowledge, and personal experience. D. journals and other publications that summarize the conclusions of professional researchers.What economic system emerged during the Industrial Revolution? A. socialism B. globalization C. capitalism D. humanitarianismHumans are essentially social beings. True FalseWho coined the phrase "the survival of the fittest"? A. Karl Marx B. Emile Durkheim C. Charles Darwin D. Herbert SpencerWhy would culture shock be a useful state of mind for a sociologist? A. It makes us realize we lack an understanding of our surroundings, so we are able to truly perceive what is right in front of us. B. It makes us doubt our ability to function even in simple, everyday ways. C. It requires us to travel, which helps us grow as human beings. D. It scares us, and a sense of fear is a healthy thing for sociologists to have.Sociologists observe society: A. by studying the shape and boundaries of society as a whole. B. by utilizing the preconceptions, assumptions, and beliefs that come from living in a society. C. by studying society as if it were a concrete object, in the same way that a geologist studies rocks. D. by studying the various parts of a society and the ways they interact and influence each other.Why can doing sociology be described as a radical undertaking? A. Sociology requires people to suspend their preconceptions, assumptions, and beliefs about the world. B. Sociology comes with a built-in political bias toward radical political causes. C. There is a large amount of material that must be mastered in order to be a sociologist. D. All sociologists are political radicals and activists.It is the responsibility of a sociologist to question everything that the everyday person would take for granted. True FalseWhich of the following statements best describes the approach taken by macrosociologists? A. Macrosociology concentrates on the way that large social institutions are created through individual interactions. B. Macrosociology focuses on non-numerical data like texts, images, and recordings. C. Macrosociology directly examines large-scale social structures in order to see how they affect individual lives. D. Macrosociology focuses on creating a "beginner's mind," in contrast to microsociology, which uses an "expert's mind."
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