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Proposed by Henry Clay, promoted protective tariffs to encourage Americans to buy American goods.
Platform of the Farmers Alliances at a convention in Ocala, Florida in 1890. Called for a graduated income tax, unlimited coinage of silver, government control of railroads, and direct election of U.S. senators. Politicians who supported these tenants called themselves Populists.
Idea introduced by Stephen Douglas in the Lincoln-Douglas Debates that, despite the Dred Scott decision, a territory could still prevent slavery by electing officials that are opposed to slavery.
Philosophical movement created by Ralph Waldo Emerson in the 1830s-1840s that emphasized personal connection with God and nature, and minimized the need for churches. Henry David Thoreau was a proponent.
Formed in 1867, The Grange was an association of farmers that provided social activities and information about new farming techniques and practices. Grew into a political organization.
After The Grange failed, Farmers' Alliances became the primary mode of organization for farmers and their families. Experimented with cooperative buying and selling of crops. Led to the Populist party of the 1800s.
Mid-19th century artistic movement hat focused on landscapes and people coexisting with nature-first truly American art style, popularized by artists like Thomas Cole and Fredric Church.
Organized by Cesar Chavez in 1961, the UFW represented Mexican-Americans in the lowest levels of agricultural work. Won a promise of benefits and a minimum wage for the workers.
Name given to a collection of songwriters and music publishers in the late 19th/early 20th century.
United Negro Improvement Association was a black organization founded by Marcus Garvey, who said that African-Americans should dissociate themselves from the "evils" of white society. Created the "Back to Africa" movement, in which Garvey encouraged African-Americans to voluntarily return to America.
Civil Rights Movement-era tactic of nonviolent protest in which civil rights workers would sit at a segregated lunch counter and refuse to leave, disrupting normal business. First sit-in was at the Woolworth's in Greensboro, North Carolina on February 1, 1960.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference- a clergy-led voice of the nonviolent Civil Rights Movement, founded by Martin Luther King Jr.
Led by Martin Luther King in 1955 in response to the arrest of Rosa Parks, the Montgomery Bus Boycott was a refusal by African-Americans to ride city buses. Supreme Court would rule that segregation on public transportation was unconstitutional.
Made discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, or national origin illegal; segregation in public restrooms, bus stations, and other public facilities ruled illegal.
African-American group organized in 1905 to promote racial integration, civil and political rights, and equal economic opportunities. Later helped organize the NAACP.
1954 Supreme Court decision that reversed Plessy v. Ferguson and desegregation public schools.
Student Nonviolence Coordinating Committee, founded in 1960 and drew younger activists and college students to the Civil Rights Movement.
Struck down the Black Codes and defined the rights of all citizens, blacks included. Vetoed by President Johnson, veto was overridden in Congress.
Cultural explosion of artistry in music, literature, and art that both celebrated and lamented the African-American experience in American society. Led to the popularity of Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Thurston.
Agency established in March 1865 to provide social, educational, and economic services to former slaves.

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