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Can we "love" any species aside from humans?James Watt invented a more efficient steam pump whena. he restructured the engine's compressor.b. he figured out how to make a piston turn a wheel for rotary motion.c. he invented a more efficient method of steel production.d. he redesigned the flying shuttle.e. he copied and consolidated several important American inventions.The invention of the flying shuttlea. gave the British an unquestioned military advantage.b. made the steam engine possible.c. powered the first steam-driven locomotive.d. sped the weaving process and increased the demand for yarn.e. led to the passage of the Calico Acts.The first efficient means of contraception without negative side effects wasa. the condom.b. the pill.c. the diaphragm.d. the intrauterine device.e. surgical sterilization.Marx believed that the final result of the socialist revolution would be thea. "realization of freedom."b. "opiate of the masses."c. "dictatorship of the proletariat."d. "complete inversion of the class hierarchy."e. "usurpation by the proletariat of the bourgeois hegemony."Throughout most of the 19th century, employers and governmentsa. saw the trade unions as the single best alternative to Marxian-type class revolution.b. tried to convince trade unions to switch their allegiance from communists to socialists.c. readily established their own trade unions.d. viewed trade unions as illegal associations designed to restrain trade.e. worked closely with the trade unions to improve the conditions of the working class.Over the long haul, trade unionsa. stood out as the most radical critics of industrial society.b. were completely unsuccessful in improving the conditions of the working class.c. dramatically increased the chances for a revolution through their ties to Marxian socialists.d. fell under Communist control.e. reduced the likelihood of a revolution by improving the lives of working people.On a global scale, industrializationa. led all nations to industrialize in the same way at the same time.b. led to economic equality between nations.c. promoted a new international division of labor.d. actually reduced international trade because of competing tariffs.e. reduced the importance of colonies.Most of Latin America and sub-Saharan Africaa. remained part of the British empire.b. industrialized on a model completely different from that of the western Europeans.c. was industrialized by the mid-nineteenth century.d. did not industrialize and depended on exporting primary products.e. was industrialized by the early twentieth century.Marx and the communists believed that private propertya. would be the foundation of the post-revolutionary world.b. should be divided up on a more equitable basis.c. should be abolished.d. should pass into the ownership of the workers.e. would be the only aspect of industrial society that would survive the revolution.Marx and Engels proposed that capitalism divided people into two classes. The classes werea. the capitalists and the proletariat.b. the workers and the peasantry.c. the capitalists and the middle class.d. the proletariat and the nobility.e. the capitalists and the bourgeoisie.The author of the Manifesto of the Communist Party wasa. Rousseau.b. Fourier.c. Lenin.d. Marx.e. Owen.In Japan, industrialization took placea. on a western European model except for the lack of powerful trusts or cartels.b. only after World War II.c. on a Chinese rather than a western European model.d. with the active support of imperial authorities.e. despite the opposition of imperial authorities.The dominant form of industrial organization in Europe, the United States, and Japan by the end of the 19th century wasa. the putting-out system.b. the factory system.c. the guild system.d. a socialist-directed economy.e. cottage industry.Count Sergei Witte wasa. the Russian nobleman who seized the throne after an economic collapse.b. the Russian foreign minister whose disastrous trade policies blocked Russian advancement.c. the Russian radical who founded the Bolsheviks.d. the Russian nobleman who stood as the chief obstacle to Russian industrialization.e. the Russian finance minister who pushed for industrialization.In the 1880s Otto von Bismarcka. crushed the German trade union movement so thoroughly that it didn't return for over fifty years.b. converted to communism.c. dramatically reduced the rights and benefits of German workers.d. introduced medical insurance and unemployment compensation for German workers.e. agreed to recognize German trade unions if they would publicly renounce their ties to the communists.What did Marx refer to as the "opiate of the masses"?a. religionb. Utopian socialismc. social statusd. private propertye. moneyA zaibatsu wasa. a powerful Japanese trade union.b. the Japanese governmental organization that controlled the actions of powerful monopolies.c. the Japanese tradition wherein the nobles were exempt from taxation.d. the Japanese equivalent of a trust.e. a code of conduct for Japanese samurai.Which of the following was NOT a problem that plagued Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, and south and southeast Asia?a. They were too reliant on one crop.b. Wealth was concentrated in the hands of a small group of people.c. Foreign investors owned and controlled the plantations.d. Both native and foreign financial interests adopted an anti-free-trade policy.e. They depended too heavily on exporting primary products with no industrialization.What was the name of the giant firm in Germany that dominated mining, metallurgy, armaments production, and shipbuilding?a. Whitneyb. Marxc. Kruppd. Engelse. Bismarck
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