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Ancient Egyptian, Indian, and Chinese cultures viewed the __________ as the seat of thought and emotions.Modern neuroscience would best be characterized as __________.__________ used the Golgi staining technique to examine individual neurons in the brain.The physiological mechanisms of an organism can modulate behavior. Strictly speaking, these mechanisms __________.Five-year-old Gemma exclaims, "My brain makes me feel sad or happy!" Which philosopher would agree?The Greek scholar __________ dissected and studied the brains of cattle, sheep, dogs, and apes.Question: In humans, the brain reaches adult size by:a) adolescence.b) infancy.c) early childhood.d) old age.Question: A researcher explains basic memory processes as an example of a broad phenomenon that applies to all people. This approach is consistent with the principle ofa) reductionism.b) generalization.c) reflexes.d) functionalism.Question: A potential research participant should not sign an informed consent form if it is missinga) a clear statement of the researcher's hypothesis.b) background literature about the research area.c) a statement of the anticipated benefits and costs of participation.d) the researcher's opinions about previous experiments in the area of study.Question: Generalization is to __________, as reductionism is to __________.a) identifying general rules that govern behavior; identifying simple causes of complex behaviorsb) identifying simple causes of complex behaviors; identifying general rules that govern behavior across multiple organismsc) organizing data in terms of general rules; identifying the smallest piece of a neurond) identifying the smallest piece of a neuron; organizing data in terms of general rulesQuestion: Research with animals is:a) highly regulated in most industrially developed societies.b) largely unregulated because animals are not viewed as having rights.c) typically lacking in oversight because research universities are unprepared for animal research.d) only partially regulated, with marine life receiving the greatest protections.32) Which of the following shows the correct chronological order for three scientists who championed use of experimental techniques, such as ablation, in the study of physiology?A) Pierre Flourens; Paul Broca; Johannes MüllerB) Paul Broca; Johannes Müller; Pierre FlourensC) Johannes Müller; Pierre Flourens; Paul BrocaD) Pierre Flourens; Johannes Müller; Paul Broca68) Research involving animals was required in order to study and develop treatments for which of the following human diseases?A) melanomaB) strokeC) bulimia nervosaD) baldness53) Which statement is true of genetic mutations?A) Mutations have mostly beneficial effects.B) Mutations commonly increase the survivability of affected offspring.C) Mutations rarely result in problems for the affected offspring.D) Most mutations have negative consequences.46) If there are differences between species in brain areas or physical structure that do not appear to lend a selective advantage to that animal, Darwin would say these differences are not __________.A) uniqueB) generalizableC) evolvedD) functionalWhen a group of neurologists publish a paper listing common causes of stroke that individuals should be aware of, this explanation would be considered a(n) __________.Question: A neuroscientist wants to understand people's perception of pain, so she focuses on the chemical changes that take place at a cellular level when pain is experienced. This approach would be an example ofa) generalization.b) reduction.c) separatism.d) validity.Question: Neuroscientists focus on __________ in explaining their phenomena of interest.a) generalizationb) reductionismc) reductionism and generalizationd) separatismA study involves research on communication across various species of animals and outlines components that appear in all of these species. These components would be considered a(n) __________.Question: Experimental ablations were first performed by:a) Flourens.b) Broca.c) Aristotle.d) Galen.
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