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Which human chromosomes or DNA molecules do not undergo meiotic recombination? Select all that apply.

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1-bromobutane can be prepared from butan-1-ol and hydrogen bromide. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + HBr → CH3CH2CH2CH2Br + H2OHydrogen bromide can be made from sodium bromide and 50% concentrated sulfuric acid. (a) The steps for the preparation of impure 1-bromobutane are summarised.1. Dissolve sodium bromide in distilled water in a pear-shaped flask then add 20.0 cm3 of butan-1-ol.2. Surround flask with an ice bath to COOL MIXTURE, before adding concentrated sulfuric acid drop by drop.3. Remove flask from ice bath + add a few ANTI-BUMPING GRANULES to the reaction mixture.4. Set up apparatus for HEATING UNDER REFLUX. Heat mixture in flask for 30 minutes + leave apparatus to cool.5. Rearrange apparatus for distillation + heat mixture until no more 1-bromobutane distils over.(i) Parts of the method are given in BOLD type in Steps 2, 3 and 4. Give a reason why each of these parts is necessary. (3)
The distillate collected in Step 5 is a mixture consisting of two layers. There is an aqueous layer and a layer containing impure 1-bromobutane.Step 7 Wash the impure 1-bromobutane with concentrated hydrochloric acid in the separating funnel. Remove the aqueous layer.Step 8 Add aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate to the impure 1-bromobutane in the separating funnel.Step 9 Shake the mixture in the separating funnel and, from time to time, invert the funnel and open the tap.Step 10 - Collect the 1-bromobutane layer from Step 9 in a small conical flask.- Add anhydrous sodium sulfate and swirl the flask until the liquid becomes clear.Step 11 Decant the 1-bromobutane into a clean pear-shaped flask and redistil it. Measure the volume of 1-bromobutane produced Give the reasons for carrying out Steps 8, 9 and 10. (3)
what intermolecular forces exist in covalent molecules and monotomic gases?

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