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What is the molarity of a 7.46 normal solution of carbonic acid?

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*10.26 A scientist is interested in understanding the physiological basis of alcoholism. She hypothesizes that the levels of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, which is involved in the degradation of ethanol, are increased in individuals who routinely consume alcohol. She develops a rat model system to test this hypothesis. What stepsshould she take to determine if the transcription of the gene for alcohol dehydrogenase is increased in the livers of rats who are fed alcohol chronically compared to a control, abstinent population?

10.10 Restriction endonucleases are used to construct restriction maps of linear or circular pieces of DNA. The DNA usually is produced in large amounts by recombinantDNA techniques. Generating restriction maps is like putting the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle together. Suppose we have a circular piece of double-stranded DNA that has a length of 5,000 bp. If this DNA is digested completely with restriction enzyme I, four DNA fragments are generated: fragment a is 2,000 bp, b is 1,400 bp, c is 900 bp, and d is 700 bp. If, instead, the DNA is incubated with the enzyme for a short time, the result is partial digestion of the DNA: not every restriction enzyme site in every DNA molecule will be cut by the enzyme, and all possiblecombinations of adjacent fragments can be produced. From a partial digestion experiment of this type, fragments of DNA were produced from the circular piece ofDNA that contained the following combinations of the above fragments: a-d-b, d-a-c, c-b-d, a-c, d-a, d-b, and b-c. Lastly, after digesting the original circular DNA to completion with restriction enzyme I, the DNA fragments are treated with restriction enzyme II under conditions conducive to complete digestion. The resultingfragments are 1,400, 1,200, 900, 800, 400, and 300 bp. Analyze all the data to locate the restriction enzyme sites as accurately as possible.

*10.18 It is 3 a.m. Your best friend has awakened you with yet another grandiose scheme. He has spent the last two years purifying a tiny amount of a potent modulatorof the immune response. He believes that this protein, bystimulating the immune system, could be the ultimate cure for the common cold. Tonight, he has finally been able to obtain the sequence of the first seven amino acids at the N-terminus of the protein: Met-Phe-Tyr-Trp-Met-Ile-Gly-Tyr. He wants your help in cloning a cDNA for the gene so that he can express large amounts of the protein and undertake further testing of its properties. After you drag yourself out of bed and ponder the sequence fora while, what steps do you propose to take to obtain a cDNA for this gene?

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