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This area has low water-flow velocities because flowing water forms a reservoir that can be used for hydroelectric power generation or recreation.

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What was the greatest challenge cities faced as a result of rapid industrialization in the 1800s?

"The New England settlers more closely resembled the non-migrating English population than they did other English colonists in the New World. . . . While the composition of the emigrant populations in the Chesapeake and the Caribbean hindered the successful transfer of familiar patterns of social relationships, the character of the New England colonial population ensured it. The prospect of colonizing distant lands stirred the imaginations of young people all over England but most of these young adults made their way to the tobacco and sugar plantations of the South. Nearly half of a sample of Virginia residents in 1625 were between the ages of twenty and twenty-nine, and groups of emigrants to the Chesapeake in the seventeenth century consistently included a majority of people in their twenties. In contrast, only a quarter of the New England settlers belonged to this age group."Similarly, the sex ratio of the New England emigrant group resembled that of England's population. If women were . . . scarce in the Chesapeake . . . they were comparatively abundant in the northern colonies. In the second decade of Virginia's settlement, there were four or five men for each woman; by the end of the century, there were still about three men for every two women. Among the emigrants [in New England], however, nearly half were women and girls. Such a high proportion of females in the population assured the young men of New England greater success than their southern counterparts in finding spouses."Virginia DeJohn Anderson, historian, "Migrants and Motives: Religion and the Settlement of New England, 1630-1640," published in 1985Which of the following best describes an overall argument of the excerpt?AThe makeup of emigrant populations led to greater reconstruction of English family life in New England than it did in the Chesapeake.BBritish colonial settlers were disproportionately young and male compared to the overall population of England.CTobacco and sugar plantations in the southern colonies attracted the most settlers in British North America.DBy the end of the seventeenth century, the population makeup of the British colonies resembled the population makeup of England.

"In 1739 arrived among us from Ireland the Reverend Mr. Whitefield, who had made himself remarkable there as [a traveling] preacher. He was at first permitted to preach in some of our churches; but the clergy, taking a dislike to him, soon refused him their pulpits, and he was obliged to preach in the fields. The multitudes of all [members of different religious groups] that attended his sermons were enormous, and it was a matter of speculation to me . . . to observe the extraordinary influence of his oratory on his hearers, and how much they admired and respected him. . . . It was wonderful to see the change soon made in the manners of our inhabitants. From being thoughtless or indifferent about religion, it seemed as if all the world were growing religious, so that one could not walk through the town in an evening without hearing psalms sung in different families of every street."And it being found inconvenient to assemble in the open air, subject to its [harsh conditions], the building of a house to meet in was no sooner proposed . . . and the work [of erecting the building] was carried on with such spirit as to be finished in a much shorter time than could have been expected. Both house and ground were vested in trustees, expressly for the use of any preacher of any religious persuasion who might desire to say something to the people at Philadelphia."Benjamin Franklin, from his autobiography, describing events in 1739The events of the First Great Awakening illustrated by the excerpt led toAestablished clergy strengthening their control over the religious and social life of colonial societyBnew denominations attracting followers who were drawn to the dynamic sermons of the new preachersCreligious enthusiasm declining in cities where it had to complete more directly with Enlightenment ideasDfew changes in most people's lives beyond increased church attendance and very little change in how they interacted with others

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