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The city machine and "boss rule" were created and continued to thrive because

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Causes of Dutch Independence: Through politics and economy, the resist Spanish rule and taxation. Through religion, Philip wanted to restore Catholicism, but Calvinists sacked many Catholic churches. ________________________________________________ was the leader of resistance against the Spanish and is the Governor of Holland and Zeeland. He was shot in his house. Consequences of Dutch Independence: Netherlands splits into 2. North --> ________________________ and South --> ________________________. It ultimately Fails

The ________________________ was a meeting of the leaders of the Catholic Church that would take place intermittently over the coming decades. At this meeting they debated whether they should try to win back Protestants by changing Catholic teaching and practices or should they stick by catholic teachings and practices. They ended up reaffirming all of the teachings and practices of catholicism. They did make few reforms. ________________________ could no longer be sold or abused, ________________________ are schools designed to train and produce better Catholic priests, the________________________________________________ was a "banned book list" the showing the different things created by the very popular printing press that were opposed to Catholic teaching. and ________________________ had to head just one diocese, oversee it and provide religious leadership in it.

________________________ came up with a solution to the king's predicament. As the ________________________________________________ he was the highest ranking official in the bureaucracy of the English Catholic Church, answerable only to the pope in Rome. He made a legal loophole where he got the Parliament to grant a law saying he could bypass the pope's wishes so that he could annul Henry's marriage. Anne ended up giving birth to a baby girl named Elizabeth. All of that for a girl had sent him down a spiral where he knew he had to break apart from the Catholic Church.

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