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"Sir: . . . Doubtless you have learned of the great exodus of our people to the north and west from this and other states. I wish to say that we are forced to go when one thinks of a grown man wages is only fifty to seventy cents per day for all grades of work. He is compelled to go where there is better wages and sociable conditions, believe me. When I say that [at] many places here in this state the only thing the black man gets is a peck of meal and from three to four lbs. of bacon per week, and he is treated as a slave."-From Emmett J. Scott, ed. "Letters of Negro Migrants of 1916-1918," Journal of Negro History 4, 1919The excerpt is best understood as a response to which of the following historical developments?

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