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Read the excerpt.If anywhere there are efforts tending to curtail the fullest growth of the Negro, let these efforts be turned into stimulating, encouraging and making him the most useful and intelligent citizen. Effort or means so invested will pay a thousand per cent interest. . . .Nearly sixteen millions of hands will aid you pulling the load upwards, or they will pull against you the load downwards. We shall constitute one third and more of the ignorance and crime of the South or one third its intelligence and progress, we shall contribute one third to the business and industrial prosperity of the South, or we shall prove a veritable body of death, stagnating, depressing, retarding every effort to advance the body politic.-Atlanta exposition speech,Booker T. Washington,1895Booker T. Washington encouraged Southern African Americans to achieve social equality bypursuing a practical education and working toward economic success.engaging in activism and peacefully protesting white oppression.leaving the South to begin new lives in the more progressive North.leaving the United States and establishing free colonies in Africa.

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