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Période : hôpital, établissement de bienfaisance
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- the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Department of Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1966 These acts gave the federal government strong enforcement powers to guarantee African Americans the fullest extent of the civil rights afforded to every American and served as a key gateway for full political participation by African Americans.
- Arsenic is a toxic element found in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. Scientists have found genes that allow bacteria to remove arsenic from their cytoplasm. Arsenic enters cells as arsenate that must be converted to arsenite to leave cells. Figure 1 provides a summary of the arsenic resistance genes found in the operons of three different bacteria. E. coli R773R773 is found in environments with low arsenic levels. Herminiimonas arsenicoxydans and Ochrobactrum tritici are both found in arsenic‑rich environments.Figure 1. Operons found in three selected bacteria for arsenic removalResearchers claim that bacteria that live in environments heavily contaminated with arsenic are more efficient at processing arsenic into arsenite and removing this toxin from their cells. Justify this claim based on the evidence shown in Figure 1.AThere are multiple operons controlling the production of proteins that process and remove arsenite from cells in both H. arsenicoxydans and O. tritici. In contrast, E. coli has only one operon devoted to arsenic removal.BBoth H. arsenicoxydans and O. tritici contain the arsR gene that codes for a repressor that turns on the operon to eliminate arsenite from the cell.CBoth O. tritici and E. coli contain the arsD gene, which codes for a protein that helps remove arsenite from the cell.DBoth H. arsenicoxydans and O. tritici. have more arsenic resistance genes than has E. coli.
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