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NOM LOI + ANNEE: modernisation enseignement médicale

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________________________________ was a French philosophe and writer who was the chief editor of the __________________. This project was intended to give every reader access to whatever knowledge that want or need to improve their minds and lives. He commissioned articles on science and tech showing how machines work and illustrating new industrial processes (science promoted progress). He did the same thing for politics and social order. Indirectly wrote anti-religious things so state censorship wouldn't find it. Volumes sold very well and they were bought by the elite, but the government said that the people who bought/wrote them were trying to spread materialism.

_________________________________ wrote the Leviathan and lived through the English Civil War. He had a bad view of people and the state of nature ("war of every man against every man" and life was "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short"). He thought that men formed governments to protect us from ourselves. His view of the social contract was that people give sovereignty and obedience to a ruler and the ruler maintains order with absolute power. He did not think that people have a right to rebel because that means that they would go back to chaos (state of nature). He believed that the monarch had sovereignty. He was important because he justified Absolute Monarchy without being religious (no mention of God/divine right).

The ____________________________ was the 18th century intellectual and reform movement. __________________ were intellectuals who weren't just philosophers. They wanted to use scientific thinking to discover the natural laws that govern humanity and every aspect of life: They opposed superstition and relying unquestioningly on traditional authorities (esp. religious), and they wanted to use one's __________________ to find answers. They also wanted to improve humanity and reform society (__________________): ex. freedoms of religion and of expression (speech and press)

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