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Meiosen möjliggör blandningen av genetiskt material från två individer vid befruktningen.Vid meiosen halverar kromosomantalet, d v s varje modercell med 46 kromosomer ger upphov till fyra könsceller med 23 kromatider. Vid befruktningen sker sedan en summering av kromosomantalet. Om denna summering ej kompenserades av en halvering vid gametbildningen, skulle antalet kromosomer fördubblas varje generation.Genom denna process skapas nya kombinationer av genetiskt material. Antalet kombinationer blir ännu större eftersom det också sker rekombination (crossing-over).

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