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Marine stickleback fish have pelvic fins with long spines that provide protection from larger predatory fish. Some stickleback fish were trapped in lakes and have adapted to life in a lake environment. Many lake populations of stickleback fish lack pelvic fins. Geneticists found the a deletion mutation associated with the loss of pelvic fins locates at the surrounding region of the gene Pitx1 but not its coding sequence (Shapiro et al. 2004; Chan et al. 2010). In marine population, Pitx1 gene expresses in pelvic fins, the pituitary gland, and the jaw. When the geneticists further experimentally delete the Pitx1 coding region, the fish die with defects in the pituitary gland and the jaw, and they lack pelvic fins. According to the information above, which of the following is the best explanation?

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