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made the American economy the strongest in the world, protected by the military clout of the nation's nuclear monopoly. Although the war left much of the world a rubble-strewn wasteland, the American mainland had remained safe from attack. The Japanese occupation of China had left fifty million people without homes, and millions more dead, maimed, or orphaned. The German offensive against the Soviet Union had killed more than twenty million Russian soldiers and civilians. Germany and Japan lay in ruins, their economies and societies as shattered as their military forces. But in the gruesome balance sheet of war, the Axis powers had inflicted far more grief, misery, and destruction on the global victims of their aggression than they had suffered in return.

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