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In which of these excerpts from "The Immigrant Contribution" does John F. Kennedy most clearly include an appeal to authority to make his views more persuasive?a. Two immigrants—the West Indian Alexander Hamilton, who was Washington's Secretary of the Treasury, and the Swiss Albert Gallatin, who held the same office under Jefferson—established the financial policies of the young republic.b. A German farmer wrote home from Missouri in 1834, "If you wish to see our whole family living in . . . a country where freedom of speech obtains, where no spies are eavesdropping, . . . in short, if you wish to be really happy and independent, then come here."c. We all know, of course, about the spectacular immigrant successes. . . . In 1953 the President's Commission on Immigration and Naturalization mentioned the following: Andrew Carnegie (Scot), in the steel industry; John Jacob Astor (German), in the fur trade. . . .d. Sociologists call the process of the melting pot "social mobility."

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