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免疫荧光染色 (immunofluorescence:IF) 的目的是"从形态学方面评价免疫学机制对肾病变的形成有怎样的贡献"。对于IgA肾病和抗基底膜抗体肾炎等, IF的沉积表现对于最终诊断是必要的,对于以膜性肾病和膜性增殖性肾小球肾炎、狼疮性肾炎等为代表的免疫复合物相关的肾小球肾炎,其沉积的种类、位置及其形态对于确诊是有用的,而对于微小变化型肾病综合征和pauci-immune型血管炎, IF的沉积表现没有显著的阳性结果进行诊断。也就是说, IF是阳性也有意义,是阴性也有意义的检查。病理诊断书中IF的记载方法有具体的规则,基本上是根据这些规则来记述观察结果。肾活检后,在返回光显的标本之前先完成IF的照片的设施也很多。当然,仅凭IF的照片无法进行病理诊断,但在观察光学显微镜时能够获得相当多的信息也是事实。看IF照片时的要点有两点, (1) 在肾小球的什么地方, (2) 以什么样的方式, (3) 是什么沉积的,适用于这3个步骤来考虑,以及一边意识到电子图像一边看IF。
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