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How do democratic institutions help reduce informational problems?1) democratic governments conceal information public, so allies and enemies do not know their capabilities2) policy decisions are usually debated in public, so foreign governments can obtain more information about the country's willingness to fight3) citizens can easily ascertain how well a conflict is handled and can vote a leader out of office at the next election 4) international organizations with no suppression of information can freely monitor states to make sure they are not cheating on their agreements5) interest groups in democratic countries can provide valuable expert advice on how to deal with possible conflicts.

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