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T/F: Both lytic and lysogenic cycles eventually lead to bacterial host cell damage.
Place the steps in the correct order to assess your understanding of the general life cycle exhibited by animal viruses.A. Penetration: The virus is engulfed into a vesicle.B. Synthesis (Replication and Protein Production): Under the control of viral genes, the cell synthesizes the basic components of new viruses: RNA molecules, capsomers, spikes.C. Uncoating: The viral envelope is shed thereby freeing the viral RNA into the cell cytoplasm.D. Release: Envelope viruses bud off of the membrane, carrying away an envelope with the spikes. This complete virus or virion is ready to infect another cell.E. Adsorption: The virus attaches to its host cell by specific binding of its spikes to cell receptors.F. Assembly: Viral spike proteins are inserted into the cell membrane for the viral envelope; nucleocapsid is formed from RNA and capsomers.
Analyze the statements below, and select those that correctly apply to the unique characteristics of viruses.A. Viruses have a nucleic acid genome; however, it may be either DNA or RNA and the nucleic acids may be single or double strandedB. Viruses are considered living because they can direct their own multiplication as well as the behavior of living cells.C. Viruses are species-specific and infect cells from all five kingdoms.D. Some viruses are parasitic, but others carry ribosomes in their capsid allowing them to translate their own proteins.E. While viruses are not considered living because they cannot direct their own multiplication, they are more than simply an aggregate of macromolecules since they can direct the behavior of living cells.

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