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Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, was one of the media stars of the First World War. The famous recruitment poster has him pointing straight at us in full uniform, finger in the foreground, handlebar moustache not far behind, with the words 'Your country needs YOU'.Which technique does the author use to engage the reader?

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Which statement is true about obligate anaerobes? a.) They will use O2 if it is present, but can obtain energy by fermentation if needed.b.) They are poisoned by O2.c.) They use O2 for cellular respiration and cannot grow without it.d.) They live exclusively by cellular respiration or by anaerobic respiration.e.) They obtain energy by oxidizing ferrous ions.

Fast foods, cookies and ice cream, sodas and energy drinks -- Americans eat a lot of processed foods high in fats and simple sugars. Not surprisingly, this type of diet can lead to weight gain and is one of the main culprits in the obesity epidemic in this country. But, is there more to this story?The foods you eat serve as food for the community of microorganisms that inhabit your digestive tract. Those microbes have their own food "preferences," metabolizing different types of food molecules and releasing their byproducts, which your body may absorb.Scientists have hypothesized that a high-fat, high sugar diet actually alters the composition of the microbial community that inhabits the beginning of the large intestine, which contributes to obesity. Because of the difficulties of carrying out experiments on humans, scientists have used mice as an animal model in which to test this hypothesis.

Part B (Interpreting Experimental Results): After 8 weeks on the different diets, the scientists collected the following data on the two groups of mice:the amount of weight gainedthe amount of body fatthe composition of the microbial community, especially the abundance of the two types of bacteria that dominate this region of the intestine -- Firmicutes and BacteriodetesThe results are shown in this data table.---Which three statements are valid conclusions that can be drawn from these results?a.) A relative abundance of Bacteriodetes less than 25% results in obesity.b.) A high-fat, high-sugar diet results in greater weight gain than a low-fat, high-fiber diet.c.) A high-fat diet is more likely to cause obesity than a high-sugar diet.d.) A microbial community dominated by Firmicutes is associated with increased body fat.e.) Firmicutes cause obesity.f.) A high-fat, high-sugar diet alters the composition of the microbial community.g.) People who consume a high-fat, high-sugar diet will have increased body fat.

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