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Alzheimer's disease leads to dementia. This involves small β-amyloid proteins binding together to form structures called plaques in the brain.Nerve cells in the brain produce a large protein called amyloid-precursor protein that has a complex shape. This protein is the substrate of twodifferent enzymes, α-secretase and β-secretase. These enzymes are 5 normally produced in the brain. One product of the reaction catalysed by β-secretase is a smaller protein that can lead to β-amyloid protein formation. Many people with Alzheimer's disease have mutations that decrease α-secretase production, or increase β-secretase production.One possible type of drug for treating Alzheimer's disease is a competitive 10 inhibitor of β-secretase. When some of these types of drugs were trialled on patients, the trials had to be stopped because some patients developedserious side effects.Use information from the passage and your own knowledge to answer the following questions. . Suggest how amyloid-precursor protein can be the substrate of two different1 enzymes, α-secretase and β-secretase (lines 3-5).[2 marks]

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