Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a non-reversible brain disorder that develops over anumber of years. At the start of 2014 the number of Americans with AD wasestimated to be 5.4 million. Every 30 seconds another person in Americadevelops AD.5 In the brain of a person with AD there is a lower concentration of acetylcholine.This affects communication between nerve cells and initially results in memoryloss and confusion. Some of the symptoms of AD that are associated withcommunication between nerve cells are reduced by taking the drug donepezil.Donepezil inhibits the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.10 A gene mutation called E280A found on chromosome 14 causes early-onset ADat a mean age of 49 years. The age at which the E280A mutation is expressedto cause AD varies.Yaramul is a town in a historically isolated region of the Andes Mountains. Thepopulation of this town has the highest frequency of the E280A mutation in the15 world. The origin of the E280A mutation in this population has been traced backto a common ancestor in the 17th century. Natural selection has not reducedthe frequency of the E280A mutation in the population.This autosomal dominant mutation involves a change in triplet 280 from GAA toGCA. Scientists analysed chromosome 14 from 102 individuals from Yaramul.20 They recorded a sample size of 204 and detected 75 E280A mutations but only74 potential AD cases. The scientists identified individuals with the mutation bywhole genome sequencing. They had decided that a DNA probe would not be asuitable method to detect the E280A mutation.Assuming no one with AD died in 2014, calculate the annual percentage increase in ADcases in America for 2014 (lines 2-4).

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